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The baselard (also ''basilard, baslard'', in Middle French also ''badelare, bazelaire'' and variants, latininzed ''baselardus, basolardus'' etc., in Middle High German ''beseler, baseler, basler, pasler; baslermesser'') is a historical type of dagger or short sword of the Late Middle Ages. ==Etymology== In modern use by antiquarians, the term ''baselard'' is mostly reserved for a type of 14th-century dagger with an I-shaped handle〔Pearce (2007) calls this "a hilt in the form of a capitol (''sic'') 'I'" (meaning the letter I including serifs. The idea is that the grip has two pronounced guards at a right angle, on either side of the hand, like the two vertical bars of the letter H, or alternatively like two pronounced horizontal serifs of the letter I)〕 which evolved out of the 13th-century knightly dagger. Contemporary usage was less consequent, and the term in Middle French and Middle English could probably be applied to a wider class of large dagger. The term (in many spelling variants) first appears in the first half of the 14th century. There is evidence that the term ''baselard'' is in origin a Middle French or Medieval Latin corruption of the German ''basler ()'' "Basel knife".〔Harold L. Peterson, ''Dagers And Fighting Knives of The Western World'' 1922)〕〔OED in its current (2010) online edition preserves the suggestion from the original New English Dictionary fascicle ''Ant–Batten'' by Murray (1885), suggesting that the word is "probably a derivative of late Latin ''badile, badillus'' a bill-hook (P. Meyer ())". This ad-hoc etymology has been obsolete since antiquarian Claude Blair discovered an explicit record of 14th-century baselards manufactured in Basel (''basolardi di basola'') in the accounts of an arms dealer of Florence, Francesco Datini, dated to 1375. See Meier (1998). Earlier authors made other attempts at suggesting plausible etymologies. Jonathan ooucher in his ''Glossary of Archaic and provincial words'' (1833) judges this task to be "almost desperate", but goes on to suggest a corruption from ''bastard'' (as used in "bastard sword"). Johan Ihre based on a Swedish form ''basslere'' assumed the word to be "Old Teutonic" (according to Boucher). Oberlin (1781) also claims Germanic origin by connecting it to a "Gothic ''basslara''", but alternatively also to "Lat. Barb. ''bisacuta, bizachius, besague''". The first printed dictionary of the German language, the 1477 ''Vetus Teutonista'' by Gerardus de Schueren, lists the word as ''baslere''. 〕 Both the term ''baselard'' and the large dagger with H-shaped hilt or "baselard proper" appear by the mid 14th century. Several 14th-century attestations from France gloss the term as ''coutel'' "knife".〔suggesting that the reader was at the time not assumed to be familiar with the term. E.g.: ''cutellos ... seu badelares'' (1355), ''un coutel, appellé Badelare'' (1348), ''Basalardum seu cutelhum'' (1386), ''coustel portatif, appellé Baudelaire'' (1415)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「baselard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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