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basilika
The Basilika was a collection of laws completed ca. 892 AD in Constantinople by order of the Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise during the Macedonian dynasty. This was a continuation of the efforts of his father, Basil I, to simplify and adapt the Emperor Justinian I's ''Corpus Juris Civilis'' code of law issued between 529 and 534 which had become outdated. The term "Basilika" comes not from the Emperor Basil's name, but rather from the Greek (βασιλικά ) meaning "Royal Laws".
==Background==
Many changes had taken place within the Byzantine Empire in between Justinian and Leo VI's reign, chiefly the change in language. During Justinian's era, Latin was still in common use and Court documents were written in it. However, by the 9th century the use of Latin was obsolete, which in turn made the ''Corpus Juris Civilis'' code hard to use for Greek speakers. Furthermore, many of the laws within the ''Corpus Juris Civilis'' no longer pertained to most people, and new laws rose up to take their place. This necessitated an overhaul of the Byzantine legal system. Justinian's Code had effectively ended juristic developments for the next couple of centuries. Moreover, the Byzantine legal system operated as a codified system, wherein the sentence given by a judge needed to be grounded in a passage of law previously issued by a legislator. This made it impossible for a judge to set precedents. There was vast confusion amongst judges as to which legal documents they should refer to (Justinian's Code or other books of law which had been written in the ensuing centuries). Additionally, Justinian's Code had officially stripped the legislative branch of its authority, making it hard for judges to know which law codes they should adhere to. With a code of law in Greek, lawyers were able to use it in their cases, making its practicality invaluable. This was a stark contrast to the ''Corpus Juris'', which proved to be too complex and comprehensive to be used practicably even within its own time.
The Basilika also presents itself as a connection back to earlier times before the period of Iconoclasm, lending the Macedonian dynasty a sense of religion legitimacy. This began with Basil I and his desire to distance himself from the Iconoclasts, and to connect himself and his sons with their Great Predecessor, Justinian I.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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