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Bazaari is the name given to the merchants and workers of bazaars, the traditional marketplaces of Iran. Bazaaris are involved in "petty trade of a traditional, or nearly traditional, kind, centered on the bazaar and its Islamic culture". Bazaari have been described as "the class of people who helped make the 1979 Iranian Revolution".〔(A Bazaari's World ), Robert D. Kaplan, ATLANTIC MAGAZINE, March 1996〕〔''(Modern Iran: roots and results of revolution )'' By Nikki R. Keddie〕 A broader, more recent definition includes traditional merchants outside of Iran, "a social class...in places where the society is in the midst of an awkward modernization; where the bazaar is in some stage of transition between the world of ''A Thousand and One Nights'' and that of the suburban shopping mall", an example being traditional merchants (also Muslim) who back the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt.〔 However, it has also been noted that merchants in other Middle Eastern countries are predominantly minority non-Muslim populations without the political influence of bazaari in Iran.〔 Bazaaris differ from a social class as usually defined in that they include both "rich wholesalers and bankers" as well as lower-income workers.〔''(Modern Iran )'' By Nikki R. Keddie, p.226〕 They are united not in their relation to the means of production but "in their resistance to dependence on the West and the spread of Western ways", their "traditionalist attitude", and their "close family, financial, and cultural ties" with the Shia ulama, or clerical class.〔''(Modern Iran )'' By Nikki R. Keddie, p.227〕 Bazaari, "led by its large merchants", in alliance with ulama clergy "or important parts of the clergy", have played an important part in recent Iranian history. The alliance was "central" to the successful Tobacco Protest against a British monopoly tobacco concession of 1891–92, to the Constitutional Revolution of 1905–11, and especially to the 1979 overthrow of the Shah of Iran.〔(Better than the past, What recent history has taught Iranians ), By Nikki Keddie, April 25, 2003, ''The Iranian''〕 Bazaari supported victims of the anti-Shah struggles in 1978 and their families, as well as providing "financial support for the antiregime strikes that began in May 1978 among university students and teachers and in the fall (1978 ) spread to the workers and civil servants".〔''(Modern Iran )'' By Nikki R. Keddie, p.228〕 The bazaari continue to underpin the ruling elite today,〔 one example being Noor Foundation Director Mohsen Rafighdoost, whose wealth has been described by American journalist Robert D. Kaplan as likely to amount to "tens or hundreds of millions of dollars".〔 ==See also== * Social class in Iran * Iranian Revolution 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「bazaari」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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