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bean
Bean () is a common name for large plant seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae (alternately Leguminosae) which are used for human or animal food.
== Terminology ==
The term ''bean'' originally referred to the seed of the broad or fava bean, but was later expanded to include members of the New World genus ''Phaseolus'', such as the common bean and the runner bean, and the related genus ''Vigna''. The term is now applied generally to many other related plants such as Old World soybeans, peas, chickpeas (garbanzo beans), vetches, and lupins.
''Bean'' is sometimes used as a synonym of ''pulse'', an edible legume, though the term ''pulses'' is more correctly reserved for leguminous crops harvested for their dry grain. The term ''bean'' usually excludes crops used mainly for oil extraction (such as soy-beans and pea-nuts), as well as those used exclusively for sowing purposes (such as clover and alfalfa). Leguminous crops harvested green for food, such as snap peas, snow peas, and so on, are not considered beans, and are classified as vegetable crops. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization the term ''bean'' should include only species of ''Phaseolus''; however, a strict consensus definition has proven difficult because in the past, several species such as ''Vigna'' ''angularis'' (azuki bean), ''mungo'' (black gram), ''radiata'' (green gram), ''aconitifolia'' (moth bean)) were classified as ''Phaseolus'' and later reclassified. The use of the term ''bean'' to refer to species other than ''Phaseolus'' thus remains. In some countries, the term ''bean'' can mean a host of different species.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=FAO, United Nations )〕
In English usage, the word ''bean'' is also sometimes used to refer to the seeds or pods of plants that are not in the family leguminosae, but which bear a superficial resemblance to true beans—for example coffee beans, castor beans and cocoa beans (which resemble bean seeds), and vanilla beans, which superficially resemble bean pods.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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