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Bertsolaritza (:berˈts̺olaɾits̻a) or bertsolarism is the art of singing extemporary composed songs in Basque according to various melodies and rhyming patterns. Bertsos can be composed at a variety of occasions but are performed generally by one or various ''bertsolaris'' onstage in an event arranged for the purpose or as a sideshow, in homage ceremonies, in benefit lunches and suppers, with friends or at a competition. Such a sung piece of composition is called a ''bertso'', the person who sings it is called a ''bertsolari'' and the art of composing bertsos is called ''bertsolaritza'' in Basque. Traditionally these were sung by men but there is an increasing number of young female bertsolaris today. Usually the Basque terms are used in Spanish and French but the Spanish terms ''versolarismo'' and ''bertsolarismo'' and the French terms ''bertsularisme'' (from Zuberoan ''bertsularitza''), ''bertsolarisme'' and ''versification'' are also used. ==The Bertso== A bertso consists of two main components: the spontaneous verse and the melody to which it is sung. The famous modern-day bertsolari Xabier Amuriza defined it in a bertso as: Many different forms of metre exist for bertsos but 4 of the commonly encountered ones are the ''zortziko txiki'' "small of eight", ''zortziko handi'' "big of eight", ''hamarreko txiki'' "small of ten" and ''hamarreko handi'' "big of ten". An example of a ''Zortziko Txiki'' is the first stanza of the bertso ''Aitorren Izkuntz Zarra'' "Aitor's Ancient Language" by Z. Andonegi: The ''zortziko txiki'' is called the "small of eight" as the first ''lerro'' or "line" contains 7 ''oinak'' or "syllables" (literally called "feet"), followed by 6 syllables in the next line. Such a pair of lines is called a ''puntu'', a "point", 4 puntu (or 8 lines) in total form one stanza in a ''zortziko txiki''. The rhyme is carried in the lines of 7 syllables. The ''zortziko handi'' on the other hand contains 10 syllables in the first line, followed by 8 in the second. The ''hamarreko txiki'' and ''hamarreko handi'' only differ in the number of lines, of which they have 10 rather than 8. An error in the rhyme is called a ''poto''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「bertsolaritza」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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