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betrayal
Betrayal is the breaking or violation of a presumptive contract, trust, or confidence that produces moral and psychological conflict within a relationship amongst individuals, between organizations or between individuals and organizations. Often betrayal is the act of supporting a rival group, or it is a complete break from previously decided upon or presumed norms by one party from the others. Someone who betrays others is commonly called a traitor or betrayer. Betrayal is also a commonly used literary element and is often associated with or used as a plot twist.
==Definition==
Rodger L. Jackson, author of the article, ''The Sense and Sensibility of Betrayal: Discovering the Meaning of Treachery Through Jane Austen'', writes that "there has been surprisingly little written about what we even mean by the term". In psychology, practitioners describe betrayal as the breaking of a social contract; however, critics of this approach claim that the term ''social contract'' does not accurately reflect the conditions and motivations for, and effects of, betrayal. Philosophers Judith Shklar and Peter Johnson, authors of ''The Ambiguities of Betrayal'' and ''Frames of Deceit'' respectively, contend that while no clear definition of betrayal is available, betrayal is more effectively understood through literature.〔
AI researcher Selmer Bringsjord made betrayal the core of a storytelling program BRUTUS. In ''Artificial Intelligence and Literary Creativity: Inside the Mind of BRUTUS, a Storytelling Machine'', betrayal is defined operationally in computer language as basically as knowingly thwarting another out of something that ought to occur.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「betrayal」の詳細全文を読む
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