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The German term ''Bezirk'' (plural ''Bezirke'', derived from (ラテン語:circulus), "circle") translated as "district" can refer to the following types of administrative divisions: * ''Stadtbezirk'', a subdivision of a city in the sense of a borough (e.g. in Berlin, Hamburg or Vienna), often again subdivided into several quarters and neighbourhoods. According to German ''Gemeindeordnung'' codes, the city council resolves upon the implementation by municipal by-law (''Satzung''). In some cities the ''Bezirke'' have limited powers delegated to them by the city's local government, including an assembly resulting from local elections and an own 'mayor' (''Bürgermeister''). In the German states of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate any municipality is authorized to implement ''Ortsbezirke'' with own advisory councils and local administrators. The state law in North Rhine-Westphalia commits the municipal administration of an independent city to subdivide the urban area into ''Stadtbezirke''. * The 95 districts of Austria are called ''Politische Bezirke'', they include 15 statutory cities. Though no self-regulatory bodies, the district commission (''Bezirkshauptmannschaft)'' fulfils the assigned tasks at an intermediate administrative level between the Austrian states and the municipalities. Besides, legal districts (''Gerichtsbezirke'') denotes the area of the respective district court, which may not always be congruent. In Italian South Tyrol, similar ''Bezirksgemeinschaften'' ((イタリア語:comunità comprensoriali)) exist. * The districts of Switzerland are called ''Bezirke'' in several cantons. In Switzerland as a federal state, every canton is free to implement its own administrative structure. The intermediate administrative level above the Swiss municipalities is also referred to as ''Verwaltungsregion'' or ''Verwaltungskreis'', ''Wahlkreis'', ''Amtei'' or ''Amt'', as well as (フランス語:districts) in Suisse romande and (イタリア語:distretto) in Svizzera italiana. In Schwyz, the six historic ''Bezirke'' are self-governing bodies, some with regional ''Landsgemeinde'' assemblies, similar to the municipal ''Kreise'' of Graubünden. The six ''Bezirke'' of Appenzell Innerrhoden are identically equal to municipalities. * Historically the primary administrative divisions of East Germany from 1952 were called ''Bezirke''. They were implemented by an administrative reform to supersede the East German federated states of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. The capital East Berlin was officially equated by resolution of the State Council of East Germany in 1961. Though legislative assemblies (''Bezirkstage'') and executive councils (''Räte'') existed, the ''Bezirke'' according to the top-down principle of democratic centralism enjoyed no autonomy nor any self-governing rights. They were abolished by law which the East German People's Chamber passed in 1990 on the eve of the German reunification. *During the Second World War, a special administrative division of Nazi Germany was officially classified as "Bezirk": ''Bezirk Bialystok''. ==See also== * Amtsbezirk, historic denotation of an administrative subdivision in Prussia; until 2009 also in the Swiss Canton of Bern * Regierungsbezirk, "government region", a subdivision of some German federal states 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「bezirk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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