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bigos
Bigos (), known as a hunter's stew, is a traditional meat and cabbage stew typical of Polish, Lithuanian, Belarusian and Ukrainian cuisine, and is a Polish national dish.〔Barbara Rolek, ("Polish Hunter's Stew Recipe - Bigos", (a Polish national dish) ) About.com, a part of The New York Times Company〕〔Kathryn Vercillo, A Polish national dish: "Vegetarian Bigos Recipe", 2010, 〕〔"Kapusta kiszona (sauerkraut) is the basis for Poland's national dish bigos (sauerkraut with a variety of meats)..." () Polish Holiday Cookery by Robert Strybel, 2003, p. 14; "Bigos, the national dish of Poland — a hunter's stew of mixed meats and vegetables" () The food lover's companion to Portland by Lisa Shara Hall, Roger J. Porter, 1996〕
Typical ingredients include white cabbage, sauerkraut (''kapusta kiszona'' in Polish), various cuts of meat and sausages, often whole or puréed tomatoes, honey and mushrooms. In very rare cases bigos can be made without meat or cabbage, but the presence of sauerkraut is absolutely essential. The meats may include pork (often smoked), ham, bacon, sausage, veal, beef, and, as bigos is considered a hunter's stew, venison, rabbit, or other game; leftover cuts find their way into the pot as well. It may be seasoned with pepper, caraway, juniper berries, bay leaf, marjoram, pimenta, dried or smoked plums, often red wine and other ingredients.
Bigos is usually served with mashed potatoes or rye bread. As with many stews, bigos can be kept in a cool place or refrigerated and then reheated later; it is said that its flavour actually intensifies when reheated. One observed tradition is to keep a pot of bigos going for a week or more, replenishing ingredients as necessary (comparable to a perpetual stew). This, the seasonal availability of cabbage, and its richness in vitamin C made bigos a traditional part of the winter diet in Poland and elsewhere. It is a popular dish in Poland to be served on the Second Day of Christmas.
==History==
Bigos is said by some to have been introduced to Poland by Jogaila, a Lithuanian Grand Duke who became Polish king Władysław Jagiełło in 1385 and who supposedly served it to his hunting-party guests. Metaphorically, ''bigos'' means "confusion", "big mess" or "trouble" in Polish. However, Polish linguists trace the word ''bigos'' to a German rather than Lithuanian origin. The PWN ''Dictionary of Foreign Words'' speculates that it derives from the past participle ''begossen'' of a German verb meaning "to douse", as bigos was doused with wine in earlier periods.〔(Słownik wyrazów obcych )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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