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A bikini is usually a women's abbreviated two-piece swimsuit with a bra top for the chest and panties cut below the navel.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Merriam-Webster )〕 The basic design is simple: two triangles of fabric on top cover the woman's breasts and two triangles of fabric on the bottom cover the groin in front and the buttocks in back.〔 The size of a bikini bottom can range from full pelvic coverage to a revealing thong or G-string design. The name for the ''bikini'' design was coined in 1946 by Parisian engineer Louis Réard, the inventor of the bikini. He named the swimsuit after Bikini Atoll, where testing on the atomic bomb was taking place. Fashion designer Jacques Heim, also from Paris, invented a similar design in the same year. Due to its controversial and revealing design, the bikini was slow to be adopted. In many countries it was banned from beaches and public places. The Holy See declared the design sinful. While still considered risqué the bikini gradually became a part of popular culture when filmstars like Brigitte Bardot, Raquel Welch, Ursula Andress and others began wearing them on public beaches and in film. The bikini design became common in most western countries by the mid-1960s as beachwear, swimwear and underwear. By the late 20th century it had become common as sportswear in sports such as beach volleyball and bodybuilding. Variations of the term are used to describe stylistic variations for promotional purposes and industry classifications, like monokini, microkini, tankini, trikini, pubikini, bandeaukini and skirtini. A man's brief swimsuit may also be referred to as a bikini.〔 A variety of men's and women's underwear are described as bikini underwear. The bikini has fueled spin-off industries, like bikini waxing and sun tanning.〔Lorna Edwards, "(You've still got it, babe ), ''The Age'', June 3, 2006〕 The bikini has gradually grown to gain wide acceptance in Western society. According to French fashion historian Olivier Saillard, the bikini is perhaps the most popular type of female beachwear around the globe because of "the power of women, and not the power of fashion". As he explains, "The emancipation of swimwear has always been linked to the emancipation of women."〔Kathryn Westcott, "(The Bikini: Not a brief affair )", BBC News, June 5, 2006〕 By the early 2000s, bikinis had become a US$811 million business annually, and boosted spin-off services like bikini waxing and sun tanning.〔Lorna Edwards, "(You've still got it, babe ), ''The Age'', June 3, 2006〕 == Etymology and lexicon == While the two-piece swimsuit as a design existed in classical antiquity, the modern design first attracted public notice in Paris on July 5, 1946.〔Kathryn Westcott, "(The Bikini: Not a brief affair )", BBC News, June 5, 2006〕 French mechanical engineer Louis Réard introduced a design he named the "bikini", taking the name from the Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bikini Introduced )〕 where, four days earlier, the United States had initiated its first peace-time nuclear weapons test as part of Operation Crossroads. Réard hoped his swimsuit's revealing style would create an "explosive commercial and cultural reaction" similar to the explosion at Bikini Atoll. By making an inappropriate analogy with words like ''bilingual'' and ''bilateral'' containing the Latin prefix "bi-" (meaning "two" in Latin), the word ''bikini'' was first back-derived as consisting of two parts, (+ ''kini'' ) by Rudi Gernreich, who introduced the ''mono''kini in 1964. Later swimsuit designs like the ''tan''kini and ''tri''kini further cemented this false assumption. Over time the "''–kini'' family" (as dubbed by author William Safire〔William Safire, ''No Uncertain Terms'', page 291, Simon & Schuster, 2003, ISBN 0-7432-4955-0〕), including the "''–ini'' sisters" (as dubbed by designer Anne Cole〔Trish Donnally, "("Inis" Are In )", ''San Francisco Chronicle'', May 18, 1999〕), expanded into a variety of swimwear, often with an innovative lexicon, including the monokini (also numokini or unikini), seekini, tankini, camikini, hikini (also hipkini), minikini, and microkini. The ''Language Report'', compiled by lexicographer Susie Dent and published by the Oxford University Press (OUP) in 2003, considers lexicographic inventions like bandeaukini and camkini, two variants of the tankini, important to observe.〔"(The Language Report: The ultimate record of what we're saying and how we're saying it )", ''Science News'' (from ''Article Archive''), August 7, 2004〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「bikini」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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