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biplot
Biplots are a type of exploratory graph used in statistics, a generalization of the simple two-variable scatterplot. A biplot allows information on both samples and variables of a data matrix to be displayed graphically. Samples are displayed as points while variables are displayed either as vectors, linear axes or nonlinear trajectories. In the case of categorical variables, ''category level points'' may be used to represent the levels of a categorical variable. A ''generalised'' biplot displays information on both continuous and categorical variables.
==Introduction and history==
The biplot was introduced by K. Ruben Gabriel (1971). Gower and Hand (1996) wrote a monograph on biplots. Yan and Kang (2003) described various methods which can be used in order to visualize and interpret a biplot. The book by Greenacre (2010) is a practical user-oriented guide to biplots, along with scripts in the open-source R programming language, to generate biplots associated with principal component analysis (PCA), multidimensional scaling (MDS), log-ratio analysis (LRA)—also known as spectral mapping〔David Livingstone (2009). ''A Practical Guide to Scientific Data Analysis.'' Chichester, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 233-238. ISBN 978-0-470-85153-1〕—discriminant analysis (DA) and various forms of correspondence analysis: simple correspondence analysis (CA), multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The book by Gower, Lubbe and le Roux (2011) aims to popularize biplots as a useful and reliable method for the visualization of multivariate data when researchers want to consider, for example, principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variates analysis (CVA) or various types of correspondence analysis.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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