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Black is the darkest color, the result of the absence of or complete absorption of light. It is the opposite of white (the combined spectrum of color or light).〔''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary''. 5th Edition (2002): "Opposite to white: colourless from the absence or complete absorption of light. Also, so near this as to have no distinguishable colour, very dark." See also ''Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language'' (1964): "The darkest color". ''Le Petit Larousse Illustré'' (1997): "Se dit de la couleur la plus foncée, due à l'absence ou à l'absorption totale des rayons lumineux." ("said of the very darkest color, due to the absence or complete absorption of all rays of light.")〕 It is an achromatic color, literally a color without color or hue.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Definition of ''archomatic'' )〕 It is one of the four primary colors in the CMYK color model, along with cyan, yellow, and magenta, used in color printing to produce all the other colors. Black was one of the first colors used by artists in neolithic cave paintings. In the 14th century, it began to be worn by royalty, the clergy, judges and government officials in much of Europe. It became the color worn by English romantic poets, businessmen and statesmen in the 19th century, and a high fashion color in the 20th century. In the Roman Empire, it became the color of mourning, and over the centuries it was frequently associated with death, evil, witches and magic. According to surveys in Europe and North America, it is the color most commonly associated with mourning, the end, secrets, magic, force, violence, evil, and elegance.〔Eva Heller (2000), ''Psychologie de la couleur - effets et symboliques'' (p. 105–27).〕 ==Etymology and language== The word ''black'' comes from Old English ''blæc'' ("black, dark", ''also'', "ink"), from Proto-Germanic *''blakkaz'' ("burned"), from Proto-Indo-European *''bhleg-'' ("to burn, gleam, shine, flash"), from base *''bhel-'' ("to shine"), related to Old Saxon ''blak'' ("ink"), Old High German ''blach'' ("black"), Old Norse ''blakkr'' ("dark"), Dutch ''blaken'' ("to burn"), and Swedish ''bläck'' ("ink"). More distant cognates include Latin ''flagrare'' ("to blaze, glow, burn"), and Ancient Greek ''phlegein'' ("to burn, scorch"). The Ancient Greeks sometimes used the same word to name different colors, if they had the same intensity. ''Kuanos could mean both dark blue and black.〔Michel Pastoureau, ''Noir - Histoire d'une couleur'', p. 34.〕 The Ancient Romans had two words for black: ''ater'' was a flat, dull black, while ''niger'' was a brilliant, saturated black. ''Ater'' has vanished from the vocabulary, but ''niger'' was the source of the country name ''Nigeria''〔"African nation, named for the river Niger, mentioned by that name 1520s (Leo Africanus), probably an alteration (by influence of Latin niger "black") of a local Tuareg name, egereou n-igereouen, from egereou "big river, sea" + n-igereouen, plural of that word. Translated in Arabic as nahr al-anhur "river of rivers." (Online Etymological Dictionary)〕 the English word ''Negro'' and the word for "black" in most modern Romance languages (French: ''noir''; Spanish: ''negro''; Italian: ''nero''). Old High German also had two words for black: ''swartz'' for dull black and ''blach'' for a luminous black. These are parallelled in Middle English by the terms ''swart'' for dull black and ''blaek'' for luminous black. ''Swart'' still survives as the word s''warthy'', while ''blaek'' became the modern English ''black''.〔 In heraldry, the word used for the black color is sable, named for the black fur of the sable, an animal. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「black」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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