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Blitzkrieg (German, "lightning war") is an anglicised term, describing a method of warfare, whereby an attacking force spearheaded by a dense concentration of armoured and motorized or mechanized infantry formations with close air support, breaks through the opponent's line of defense by short, fast, powerful attacks and then dislocates the defenders, using speed and surprise to encircle them. Through the employment of combined arms in maneuver warfare, blitzkrieg attempts to unbalance the enemy by making it difficult for them to respond to the continuously changing front and defeating them in a decisive ドイツ語:''Vernichtungsschlacht'' (battle of annihilation). During the interwar period, aircraft and tank technologies matured and were combined with systematic application of the traditional German tactic of ドイツ語:''Bewegungskrieg'' (manoeuvre warfare), deep penetrations and the bypassing of enemy strong points to encircle and destroy enemy forces in a ドイツ語:''Kesselschlacht'' (cauldron battle). During the Invasion of Poland, Western journalists adopted the term ''blitzkrieg'' to describe this form of armoured warfare. The term had appeared in 1935, in a German military periodical ドイツ語:''Deutsche Wehr'' (German Defense), in connection to quick or lightning warfare. German manoeuvre operations were successful in the campaigns of 1939–1941 and by 1940 the term ''blitzkrieg'' was extensively used in Western media. Blitzkrieg operations capitalized on surprise penetrations (e.g., the penetration of the Ardennes forest region), general enemy unreadiness and their inability to match the tempo (pace) of the German attack. During the Battle of France, the French made attempts to re-form defensive lines along rivers but were frustrated when German forces arrived first and pressed on. Despite its ubiquity in German and British journalism during World War II, ドイツ語:''Blitzkrieg'' was practically never used as official military terminology of the Wehrmacht during the war. Some senior officers of the Wehrmacht, including Kurt Student, Franz Halder and Johann Adolf von Kielmansegg, even disputed the idea that blitzkrieg was a military concept. Kielmansegg asserted that what many regarded as blitzkrieg was nothing more than "ad hoc solutions that simply popped out of the prevailing situation". Student described it as ideas that "naturally emerged from the existing circumstances" as a response to operational challenges. Blitzkrieg was never an official doctrine or concept of the Wehrmacht, nor was it ever officially adopted or codified. In 2005, Karl-Heinz Frieser summarized blitzkrieg as simply the result of German commanders using the latest technology in the most beneficial way according to traditional military principles and employing "the right units in the right place at the right time" on the operational level of warfare; it was in no way a military doctrine or a new concept. Modern historians now understand blitzkrieg as the outcome of the rejuvenation of the traditional German military principles, methods and doctrines of the 19th century with the latest weapon systems of the interwar period. Despite blitzkrieg never being an official or formal doctrine, many modern historians use it casually to describe the style of maneuver warfare practised by Germany during the early part of the war. In the context of the thinking of Heinz Guderian on mobile combined arms formations, blitzkrieg can be a synonym for modern maneuver warfare on the operational level. ==Definition== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「blitzkrieg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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