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bollard
A bollard is a short vertical post. Originally it meant a post used on a ship or a quay, principally for mooring. The word now also describes a variety of structures to control or direct road traffic, such as posts arranged in a line to obstruct the passage of motor vehicles.〔Chris Roberts, ''Heavy Words Lightly Thrown: The Reason Behind Rhyme'', Thorndike Press, 2006 (ISBN 0-7862-8517-6)〕 The term can also be used to describe short, post-like light fixtures.
== Etymology ==
The term is probably related to bole, meaning a tree trunk.〔〔''New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'', 1993〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Online Etymology Dictionary )〕 The earliest citation given by the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (referring to a maritime bollard) dates from 1844,〔 although a reference in the ''Caledonian Mercury'' in 1817 describes bollards as huge posts. Previously, simpler terms such as "post" appear to have been used. The Norman-French name Boulard (still often found in Normandy) may be related.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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