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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク bonyad ： ウィキペディア英語版 bonyad Bonyads (Persian بنیاد "Foundation") are charitable trusts in Iran that play a major role in Iran's non-petroleum economy, controlling an estimated 20% of Iran's GDP,〔Molavi, Afshin, ''Soul of Iran'', Norton, (2006), p.176〕 and channeling revenues to groups supporting the Islamic Republic.〔 Exempt from taxes, they have been called "bloated",〔 and "a major weakness of Iran’s economy",〔 and criticized for reaping "huge subsidies from government", while siphoning off production to the lucrative black market and providing limited and inadequate charity to the poor.〔Mackey, Sandra ''Iranians, Persia, Islam, and the soul of a nation'', New York : Dutton, c1996 (p.370)〕 ==Background== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「bonyad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.