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bootstrapping
In general parlance, bootstrapping usually refers to a self-starting process that is supposed to proceed without external input. In computer technology the term (usually shortened to booting) usually refers to the process of loading the basic software into the memory of a computer after power-on or general reset, especially the operating system which will then take care of loading other software as needed.
The term appears to have originated in the early 19th century United States (particularly in the phrase "pull oneself over a fence by one's bootstraps"), to mean an absurdly impossible action, an adynaton.〔(World Wide Words: Boot ), Michael Quinion〕
== Etymology ==
Tall boots may have a tab, loop or handle at the top known as a bootstrap, allowing one to use fingers or a boot hook tool to help pulling the boots on. The saying "to pull oneself up by one's bootstraps"〔 was already in use during the 19th century as an example of an impossible task. The idiom dates at least to 1834, when it appeared in the ''Workingman's Advocate'': "It is conjectured that Mr. Murphee will now be enabled to hand himself over the Cumberland river or a barn yard fence by the straps of his boots."〔Jan Freeman, (Bootstraps and Baron Munchausen ), ''Boston.com'', January 27, 2009〕 In 1860 it appeared in a comment on metaphysical philosophy: "The attempt of the mind to analyze itself () an effort analogous to one who would lift himself by his own bootstraps."〔Jan Freeman, (The unkindliest cut ), ''Boston.com'', January 25, 2009〕 Bootstrap as a metaphor, meaning to better oneself by one's own unaided efforts, was in use in 1922.〔''Ulysses'' cited in the Oxford English Dictionary〕 This metaphor spawned additional metaphors for a series of self-sustaining processes that proceed without external help.〔(Phrase Finder )〕
The term is sometimes attributed to a story in Rudolf Erich Raspe's ''The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen'', but in that story Baron Munchausen pulls himself (and his horse) out of a swamp by his hair (specifically, his pigtail), not by his bootstraps and no explicit reference to bootstraps has been found elsewhere in the various versions of the Munchausen tales.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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