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borohydride
Borohydride refers to the anion BH4− and its salts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tetrahydroborate )〕 Borohydride is also the term used for compounds containing BH4-nXn−, for example cyanoborohydride (B(CN)H3−) and triethylborohydride (B(C2H5)3H−). Such compounds find wide use as reducing agents in organic synthesis. The most important borohydrides are lithium borohydride and sodium borohydride, but other salts are well known (see Table).〔Rittmeyer, P.; Wietelmann, U. “Hydrides” in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 〕 Tetrahydroborates are also of academic and industrial interest in inorganic chemistry.〔Makheav, V.D. ''Russ. Chem. Rev.'' 2000, ''69'', 727-746.〕
==History==
Alkali metal borohydrides were described in 1940 by Hermann Irving Schlesinger and Herbert C. Brown. They synthesized lithium borohydride (LiBH4) from diborane (B2H6):〔Schlesinger, H.C.; Brown, H.R. "Metallo Borohydrides. III. Lithium Borohydride" ''J. Am. Chem. Soc.'' 1940, ''62'', 3429-3435. 〕〔Schlesinger, H.C.; Brown, H.R.; Hoekstra, L.R. "Reactions of Diborane with Alkali Metal Hydrides and Their Addition Compounds. New Syntheses of Borohydrides. Sodium and Potassium Borohydrides" ''J. Am. Chem. Soc.'' 1953, ''75'', 199–204. 〕
:2 MH + B2H6 → 2 M() (M = Li, Na, K, etc.)
Current methods involve reduction of trimethyl borate with sodium hydride.〔
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