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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク boundary value problem ： ウィキペディア英語版 boundary value problem In mathematics, in the field of differential equations, a boundary value problem is a differential equation together with a set of additional constraints, called the boundary conditions. A solution to a boundary value problem is a solution to the differential equation which also satisfies the boundary conditions. Boundary value problems arise in several branches of physics as any physical differential equation will have them. Problems involving the wave equation, such as the determination of normal modes, are often stated as boundary value problems. A large class of important boundary value problems are the Sturm–Liouville problems. The analysis of these problems involves the eigenfunctions of a differential operator. To be useful in applications, a boundary value problem should be well posed. This means that given the input to the problem there exists a unique solution, which depends continuously on the input. Much theoretical work in the field of partial differential equations is devoted to proving that boundary value problems arising from scientific and engineering applications are in fact well-posed. Among the earliest boundary value problems to be studied is the Dirichlet problem, of finding the harmonic functions (solutions to Laplace's equation); the solution was given by the Dirichlet's principle. ==Explanation== Boundary value problems are similar to initial value problems. A boundary value problem has conditions specified at the extremes ("boundaries") of the independent variable in the equation whereas an initial value problem has all of the conditions specified at the same value of the independent variable (and that value is at the lower boundary of the domain, thus the term "initial" value). For example, if the independent variable is time over the domain (), a boundary value problem would specify values for $y(t)$ at both $t=0$ and $t=1$, whereas an initial value problem would specify a value of $y(t)$ and $y\text{'}(t)$ at time $t=0$. Finding the temperature at all points of an iron bar with one end kept at absolute zero and the other end at the freezing point of water would be a boundary value problem. If the problem is dependent on both space and time, one could specify the value of the problem at a given point for all time the data or at a given time for all space. Concretely, an example of a boundary value (in one spatial dimension) is the problem :$y\text{'}\text{'}(x)+y(x)=0\; \backslash ,$ to be solved for the unknown function $y(x)$ with the boundary conditions :$y(0)=0,\; \backslash \; y(\backslash pi/2)=2.$ Without the boundary conditions, the general solution to this equation is :$y(x)\; =\; A\; \backslash sin(x)\; +\; B\; \backslash cos(x).\backslash ,$ From the boundary condition $y(0)=0$ one obtains :$0\; =\; A\; \backslash cdot\; 0\; +\; B\; \backslash cdot\; 1$ which implies that $B=0.$ From the boundary condition $y(\backslash pi/2)=2$ one finds :$2\; =\; A\; \backslash cdot\; 1$ and so $A=2.$ One sees that imposing boundary conditions allowed one to determine a unique solution, which in this case is :$y(x)=2\backslash sin(x).\; \backslash ,$ 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「boundary value problem」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.