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The bowline ( or )〔''Random House Dictionary''〕 is an ancient and simple knot used to form a fixed loop at the end of a rope. It has the virtues of being both easy to tie and untie; most notably, it is easy to untie after being subjected to a load. The bowline is sometimes referred as ''King of the knots'' because of its importance. It is one of the four basic maritime knots (the other three are figure-eight knot, reef knot and clove hitch). The structure of the bowline is identical to that of the sheet bend, except the bowline forms a loop in one rope and the sheet bend joins two ropes. Along with the sheet bend and the clove hitch, the bowline is often considered one of the most essential knots.〔Cassidy 1985, ''The Klutz Book of Knots''〕 Although generally considered a reliable knot, its main deficiencies are a tendency to work loose when not under load, to slip when pulled sideways〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://outdoors.stackexchange.com/questions/3798/how-safe-is-the-bowline-knot-in-different-situations )〕 and the bight portion of the knot to capsize in certain circumstances. To address these shortcomings, a number of more secure variations of the bowline have been developed for use in safety-critical applications. ==History== The bowline's name has an earlier meaning, dating to the age of sail. On a square-rigged ship, a bowline (sometimes spelled as two words, ''bow line'') is a rope that holds the edge of a square sail towards the bow of the ship and into the wind, preventing it from being taken aback. A ship is said to be on a "taut bowline" when these lines are made as taut as possible in order to sail close-hauled to the wind.〔''Kemp's Yachting Dictionary''〕 The bowline knot is thought to have been first mentioned in John Smith's 1691 work ''A Sea Grammar'' under the name Boling knot. Smith considered the knot to be strong and secure, saying, "The ''Boling knot'' is also so firmly made and fastened by the bridles into the cringles of the sails, they will break, or the sail split before it will slip."〔The orthography of this quote has been modernized for clarity.〕 Another possible finding was discovered on the rigging of the Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu's solar ship during an excavation in 1954. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「bowline」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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