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boyar
A boyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Bulgarian, Moscovian, Kievan Rus'ian, Wallachian, and Moldavian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes (in Bulgaria, tsars), from the 10th century to the 17th century. The rank has lived on as a surname in Russia, Ukraine and Romania, and also in Finland, where it is spelled ''Pajari''.〔(Behind the names: Pajari )〕
==Etymology==
Also known as bolyar, the words various names in other languages include (ブルガリア語:боляр or болярин); ; ; (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():boier), ; and (ギリシア語:βογιάρος),
The word is likely derived from the plural form of the Bulgarian title ''boila'' ("noble"), ''bolyare'', which is attested in Bulgar inscriptions〔Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary, Volume I, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences publishing house, 1971, p.71〕〔(9th century stone inscription from Bulgaria mentioning boyars ( )boila)〕 and rendered as ''boilades'' or ''boliades'' in the Greek of Byzantine documents.〔〔(Constantine Porphyrogenitus, de Cerimoniis aulae Byzantinae, II, 46-7 )〕 Multiple different derivation theories of the word have been suggested by scholars and linguists, such as it having possible roots from old Turkic: ''bai'' ("noble, rich"; ''cf.'' "bey") and ''är'' ("man, men").〔(Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary ) (Russian)〕 Another possible etymology of the term it may come from the Romanian word "boi" (bulls); a rich man is an owner of bulls or "boier".〔S. Paliga and E. Teodor, Lingvistica si arheologia slavilor timpurii. O alta vedere de la Dunarea de Jos. Editura Cetatea de Scaun, 2009〕 The title entered Old Russian as ''быля'' (''bylya'').
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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