|
Brassicaceae is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants (Angiosperms), informally known as the mustards, mustard flowers, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. The name Brassicaceae is derived from the included genus ''Brassica''. Cruciferae, an older name, meaning "cross-bearing", describes the four petals of mustard flowers, which resemble a cross; it is one of eight plant family names without the suffix '-aceae' that are authorized alternative names (according to ICBN Art. 18.5 and 18.6 Vienna Code); thus both Cruciferae and Brassicaceae are used. The family contains 372 genera and 4060 accepted species.() The largest genera are ''Draba'' (440 species), ''Erysimum'' (261 species), ''Lepidium'' (234 species), ''Cardamine'' (233 species) and ''Alyssum'' (207 species). The family contains well-known species such as ''Brassica oleracea'' (broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, etc.), ''Brassica rapa'' (turnip, Chinese cabbage, etc.), ''Brassica napus'' (rapeseed, etc.), ''Raphanus sativus'' (common radish), ''Armoracia rusticana'' (horseradish), ''Matthiola'' (stock), ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' (thale cress) (model organism) and many others. ''Pieris rapae'' and other butterflies of the Pieridae family are some of the most well known pests of the commercial cropping of Brassicaceae. ==Taxonomy== The family is included in Brassicales according to the APG system. Older systems (e.g., Arthur Cronquist's) placed them into the Capparales, a now-defunct order that had a similar definition. This family comprises about 365 genera and 3200 species all over the world. 94 species of 38 genera are found in Nepal. The plants are mostly herbs. A close relationship has long been acknowledged between Brassicaceae and the caper family, Capparaceae, in part because members of both groups produce glucosinolate (mustard oil) compounds. Research published in 2002 suggested that Capparaceae as traditionally circumscribed were paraphyletic with respect to Brassicaceae, with ''Cleome'' and several related genera being more closely related to Brassicaceae than to other Capparaceae. The APG II system, therefore, has merged the two families under the name 'Brassicaceae'. Other classifications have continued to recognize Capparaceae but with a more restricted circumscription, either including ''Cleome'' and its relatives in Brassicaceae or recognizing them in the segregate family Cleomaceae. The APG III system has recently adopted this last solution, but this may change as a consensus arises on this point. This article deals with Brassicaceae ''sensu stricto'', i.e. treating Cleomaceae and Capparaceae as segregate families. }} 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「brassicaceae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|