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Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12% tin and often with the addition of other metals (such as aluminium, manganese, nickel or zinc) and sometimes non-metals or metalloids such as arsenic, phosphorus or silicon. These additions produce a range of alloys that may be harder than copper alone, or have other useful properties, such as stiffness, ductility or machinability. The historical period where the archeological record contains many bronze artifacts is known as the Bronze Age. Because historical pieces were often made of brasses (copper and zinc) and bronzes with different compositions, modern museum and scholarly descriptions of older objects increasingly use the more inclusive term "copper alloy" instead.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=British Museum, "Scope Note" for "copper alloy" )〕 ==Etymology== The word ''bronze'' (1730–40) is borrowed from French ''bronze'' (1511), itself borrowed from Italian ''bronzo'' "bell metal, brass" (13th century) (transcribed in Medieval Latin as ''bronzium''), from either: *''bróntion'', back-formation from Byzantine Greek ''brontēsíon'' (11th century), perhaps from ''Brentḗsion'' ‘Brindisi’, reputed for its bronze;〔Henry and Renée Kahane, "Byzantium's Impact on the West: The Linguistic Evidence", ''Illinois Classical Studies'' 06 (2) 1981, p. 395.〕〔Originally M.P.E. Berthelot, "Sur le nom du bronze chez les alchimistes grecs", in ''Revue archéologique'', 1888, pp. 294-8.〕 or * early Persian ''birinj'', ''biranj'' () "brass" (modern ''berenj''), ''piring'' () "copper",〔Originally Karl Lokotsch, ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs''. (Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1927), p. 1657.〕 from which also came Serbo-Croatian ''pìrinač'' "brass",〔Wolfgang Pfeifer, ed., ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen'', s.v. "Bronze" (Munich: Deutscher Taschenbucher Vertrag, 2005).〕 Georgian ''brinǰao'' "bronze", Armenian ''płinj'' "copper". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「bronze」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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