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buphthalmos
Buphthalmos (plural: buphthalmoses) is enlargement of the eyeball and is most commonly seen in infants and young children. It is sometimes referred to as buphthalmia (plural buphthalmias).〔http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/Buphthalmos Merriam-Webster online medical dictionary〕 It usually appears in the newborn period or the first 3 months of life.〔Merriam-Webster: Over 80% of cases are evident by 3 months of age.〕 and in most cases indicates the presence of congenital (infantile) glaucoma, which is a disorder in which elevated pressures within the eye lead to structural eye damage and vision loss.
==Etiology==
Infantile glaucoma, which often produces the clinical sign of buphthalmos, can be caused when an abnormally narrow angle between the cornea and iris blocks the outflow of aqueous humor;〔The Schlemm's canal is usually collapsed (Merriam-Webster)〕 this causes increased intraocular pressure and eventual enlargement of the globe (eyeball). Angle closure can be caused by developmental abnormalities of the eye as well as the presence of abnormal structures within the vitreous.〔Yanoff & Duker: Ophthalmology, 3rd ed. 2008〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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