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buttonquail
Buttonquail or hemipodes are members of a small family of birds, Turnicidae, which resemble, but are unrelated to, the quails of Phasianidae. They inhabit warm grasslands in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia. There are 16 species in two genera, with most species being found in the genus ''Turnix'' and only one being found in the genus ''Ortyxelos''.
Buttonquails are small, drab, running birds, which avoid flying. The female is the darker coloured of the sexes, and initiates courtship. Buttonquails are polyandrous, with the females circulating among several males and expelling rival females from her territory. Both sexes cooperate in building a nest in the earth, but only the male incubates the eggs and tends the young. The eggs hatch after an incubation period of 12 or 13 days, and the young are able to fly within two weeks of hatching.
==Taxonomy==
Buttonquail were traditionally placed in Gruiformes or Galliformes (the crane and pheasant orders). The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy elevated them to ordinal status as the Turniciformes and basal to other Neoaves either because their accelerated rate of molecular evolution exceeded the limits of sensitivity of DNA-DNA hybridization or because the authors did not perform the appropriate pairwise comparisons or both. Morphological, DNA-DNA hybridization and sequence data indicate that turnicids correctly belong to the shorebirds (Charadriiformes).〔
〕 They seem to be an ancient group among these, as indicated by the buttonquail-like Early Oligocene fossil ''Turnipax'' and the collected molecular data.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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