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cabbeling
Cabbeling is the resultant sinking of a combined water parcel due to the mixing process of two separate water parcels. Sinking occurs because of the higher density of the combined water parcel from the mixing of two water parcels of the same density, but different salinity and temperature characteristics.〔Beer, Tom (1997). Environmental oceanography. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 123. ISBN 0-8493-8425-7, Section 5.4.3 Cabbeling .〕 The densification of the new mixed water parcel is a result of a slight contraction upon mixing; a decrease in volume of the combined water parcel.〔(AMS glossary ),.〕 A new water parcel that has the same amount of water, but is lower in volume will be denser. Denser water sinks or downwells in the otherwise neutral surface of the ocean where the two initial water parcels originated.〔(AGU Thermobaricity, Cabbelling and Water-Mass Conversion ),.〕 This strange phenomenon is the result of the non-linearity in the equation of state for seawater.
The origin of the name has a long history as described by Foster. In 1902 Witte was evidently the first person to point out the importance of this process in ocean mixing. Witte thought that this process would be so effective that the mixing would give rise to a choppy or rippled appearance at the sea surface, which in German nautical terminology has been designated as "Kabbelung". There is an uncommon English cognate "cobbling", but this term has not been recognized by oceanographers. There is also the opinion that the word should be designated as "cabballing" meaning "to unite in an intrigue" since the two components conspire to form a more dense mixture. Another opinion is that "Kabbelung" should be Anglicized to "cabbeling" to designate the mixing process rather than surface water appearance as proposed by Witte. In general oceanographers generally follow Stommel and refer to the process as "cabbeling".
== High Latitude Cabbeling ==
Cabbeling may occur in high incidence in high latitude waters. Polar region waters are a place where cold and fresh water melting from sea ice meets warmer, saltier water convecting from lower latitudes. Ocean currents are responsible for bringing this warmer, saltier water to higher latitudes, especially on the eastern shores of Northern Hemisphere continents, and on the western shores of Southern Hemisphere continents. The phenomenon of cabbeling has been particularly noted in the Weddell Sea 〔(Cabbeling in the Weddell Sea paper ),.〕 and the Greenland Sea.〔(Cabbeling in the Greenland Basin paper ),.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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