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Caer ((:kɑːɨr); or ') is a placename element in Welsh meaning "stronghold", "fortress", or "citadel",〔Carlisle, Nicholas. (''Topographical Dictionary of the Dominion of Wales'', "Glossary", p. xxx. ) W. Bulmer & Co. (London), 1811.〕 roughly equivalent to the Old English suffix now variously written as and .〔Allen, Grant. ("Casters and Chesters" in ''The Cornhill Magazine'', Vol. XLV, pp. 419 ff. ) Smith, Elder, & Co. (London), 1882.〕 In modern Welsh orthography, caer is usually written as a prefix, although it was formerly—particularly in Latin—written as a separate word. The term is thought to have derived from the Brittonic *''kagro-'' and to be cognate with ''cae'' ("field, enclosed piece of land").〔''Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru, vol. 1, p. 384.〕 Although stone castles were largely introduced to Wales by the invading Normans, "caer" was and remains used to describe the settlements around some of them as well. An example is the Roman fort at Caernarfon, formerly known in Welsh as ' from its position on the Seiont; the later Edwardian castle and its community were distinguished as ' ("fort in the land opposite Anglesey").〔 However, the modern names of the Roman fort and Edwardian castle themselves are now ' or ', while the communities carry on the name caer. ==Britain== Gildas's account of the Saxon invasions of Britain claimed that there were 28 fortified Roman cities ((ラテン語:civitas)) on the island, without listing them. The ''History of the Britons'' traditionally attributed to Nennius includes a list of the 28, all of which are called "caer":〔"JTK". ("Civitas" in ''Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia'', Vol. I, p. 451 ). ABC-CLIO (Sta. Barbara), 2006.〕 * Cair Guorthigirn. ("Fort Vortigern": Little Doward?〔 Carmarthen?〔Veprauskas, Michael. ("The Problem of Caer Guorthigirn" at ''Vortigern Studies'' ). 1998.〕) * Cair Guinntguic. ("Fort Venta": Winchester?〔 Norwich or Winwick?〔) * Cair Mincip. ("Fort Municipium": ) * Cair Ligualid. ("Fort Luguwalos": Carlisle) * Cair Meguaid. ("Fort Mediolanum": Meifod?〔〔 Llanfyllin?〔Williams, Robert. ("A History of the Parish of Llanfyllin" in ''Collections Historical & Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire'', Vol. III, p. 59 ). J. Russell Smith (London), 1870.〕 Caersws?〔Roman Britain Organisation. ("Mediomanum?" at ''Roman Britain'' ). 2010.〕 in Powys) * Cair Colun. ("Fort Colonia": Colchester?〔Ford, David Nash. "(The 28 Cities of Britain )" at Britannia. 2000.〕〔Newman, John Henry & al. (''Lives of the English Saints: St. German, Bishop of Auxerre'', Ch. X: "Britain in 429, A. D.", p. 92. ) James Toovey (London), 1844.〕) * Cair Ebrauc. ("Fort York": York) * Cair Custoeint. ("Fort Constantius or Constantine": Caernarfon; or a Devonian hillfort) * Cair Caratauc. ("Fort Rampart": Salisbury?〔 Sellack in Gwent?〔) * Cair Grauth. ("Fort Granta": Cambridge) * Cair Maunguid. (Manchester?) * Cair Lundem. ("Fort Londinium": London) * Cair Ceint. ("Fort Kent": Canterbury) * Cair Guiragon. ("Fort Weorgoran": Worcester) * Cair Peris. (Porchester?〔〔 Builth Wells?〔) * Cair Daun. ("Fort Don": Doncaster) * Cair Legion. ("Fort Legion": Chester) * Cair Guricon. (Warwick?〔 Wroxeter?〔) * Cair Segeint. ("Fort Seiont": Caernarfon;〔 or Silchester〔) * Cair Legeion Guar Usic. ("Fort Legion on the Usk": Caerleon-upon-Usk in Gwent) * Cair Guent. ("Fort Venta": Caerwent〔 or Winchester〔) * Cair Brithon. ("Fort of the Britons": Dumbarton in Strathclyde〔) * Cair Lerion. ("Fort Leir": Leicester) * Cair Draitou. (Drayton?〔 Dunster?〔) * Cair 'Pensa vel Coyt'. ("Fort Penselwood": Exeter?〔 Ilchester?〔) * Cair Urnarc. (Wroxeter?〔 Dorchester?〔) * Cair Celemion. (Camalet? Silchester?〔) * Cair Luit Coyt. ("Fort Grey Wood": Wall) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「caer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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