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In Gaelic mythology (Irish, Scottish and Manx) the ((:ˈkalʲəx), (:ˈkaʎəx)) is a divine hag, a creator deity and weather deity, and an ancestor deity. She is also commonly known as the Cailleach Bhéara(ch) or Bheur(ach). The word ''cailleach'' means "hag" in modern Scottish Gaelic, and has been applied to numerous mythological figures in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man.〔Briggs, Katharine (1976) ''An Encyclopedia of Fairies''. New York, Pantheon Books. pp. 57-60.〕 ==Name== ''Cailleach'' ("old woman" or "hag" in modern Irish and Scottish Gaelic)〔 comes from the Old Gaelic ''Caillech'' ("veiled one"), an adjectival form of ''caille'' ("veil"), an early loan from Latin ''pallium'' (displaying the expected /p/ > /c/ change of early loans).〔Rudolph Thurneysen, A grammar of old Irish, Volume 1, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1946, p. 568.〕〔Ó Cathasaigh, T. 'The eponym of Cnogba', Éigse 23, 1989, pp. 27–38.〕〔Ó hÓgáin, D. Myth, legend & romance: an encyclopaedia of the Irish folk tradition, Prentice Hall Press, 1991, p. 67.〕〔Macbain, Alexander (1998) ''Etymological Dictionary Of Scottish-Gaelic''. New York, Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-7818-0632-1 p. 63.〕 The Cailleach is often referred to as the ''Cailleach Bhéara(ch), Cailleach Bheur(ach)'', or variations thereof. It is suggested that this refers to the Beara Peninsula in southwestern Ireland, with which the Cailleach is strongly associated. However, Professor Gearóid Ó Crualaoich believes that it comes from a word meaning "sharp, shrill, inimical" – ''bior(ach)'' or ''beur(ach)'' – and refers to the Cailleach's association with winter and wilderness.〔Ó Crualaoich, Gearóid. "Continuity and Adaptation in Legends of Cailleach Bhéarra". ''Béaloideas'' #56 (1988), p.162.〕 The 8th/9th-century Irish poem ''The Lament of the Old Woman'' says that the Cailleach's name is ''Digdi'' or ''Digde''. In ''The Hunt of Slieve Cuilinn'' she is called ''Milucra'', sister of Áine. In the tale of the Glas Gaibhnenn she is called ''Biróg''. Elsewhere, she is called ''Buí'' or ''Bua(ch)''.〔Ó Cathasaigh, Tomás. ("Knowth - The Epynom of Cnogba" ).〕 In Manx Gaelic she is known as the ''Caillagh''.〔〔Monaghan, Patricia. ''The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore''. Infobase Publishing, 2004. p.69〕 The plural of ''cailleach'' is ((:ˈkalʲəxə)) in Irish and ((:ˈkaʎəxən)) in Scottish Gaelic. The word is found as a component in terms like the Gaelic ''cailleach-dhubh'' ("nun") and ''cailleach-oidhche'' ("owl"),〔 as well as the Irish ''cailleach feasa'' ("wise woman, fortune-teller") and ''cailleach phiseogach'' ("sorceress, charm-worker"). Related words include the Gaelic ''caileag'' ("young woman, girl")〔 and the Lowland Scots ''carline''/''carlin'' ("old woman, witch"). A more obscure word that is sometimes interpreted as "hag" is the Irish ''síle'', which has led some to speculate on a connection between the Cailleach and the stonecarvings of Sheela na Gigs.〔Ross, Anne (1973, reprint 2004) "The divine hag of the pagan Celts" in ''The Witch Figure: Folklore Essays by a Group of Scholars in England Honoring the 75th Birthday of Katharine M. Briggs''. ed. by Venetia Newall. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-415-33074-2.〕〔Freitag, Dr Barbara (2004) ''Sheela-na-gigs: Unravelling an Enigma''. Routledge ISBN 0-415-34553-7.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cailleach」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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