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calabash
The calabash or bottle gourd, ''Lagenaria siceraria'' (synonym ''Lagenaria vulgaris'' Ser.), also known as opo squash or long melon, is a vine grown for its fruit, which can either be harvested young and used as a vegetable, or harvested mature, dried, and used as a bottle, utensil, or pipe. The fresh fruit has a light-green smooth skin and a white flesh. Rounder varieties are called calabash gourds. They grow in a variety of shapes: they can be huge and rounded, small and bottle shaped, or slim and serpentine, more than a metre long. Because bottle gourds are also called "calabashes", they are sometimes confused with the hard, hollow fruits of the unrelated calabash tree, ''Crescentia cujete'', whose fruits are also used to make utensils, containers, and musical instruments.〔See Sally Price, "When is a calabash not a calabash" (New West Indian Guide 56:69-82, 1982).〕 The gourd was one of the first cultivated plants in the world, grown not primarily for food, but for use as water containers. The bottle gourd may have been carried from Africa to Asia, Europe, and the Americas in the course of human migration, or by seeds floating across the oceans inside the gourd. It has been proven to be in the New World prior to the arrival of Columbus.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cucurbitaceae--Fruits for Peons, Pilgrims, and Pharaohs )〕
== Origin plus dispersal ==
It is a commonly cultivated plant in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, now believed by some to have spread or originated from wild populations in southern Africa. Stands of ''L. siceraria'', which may be source plants, and not merely domesticated stands, were reported recently in Zimbabwe.〔 This apparent domestication source plant produces thinner-walled fruit that, when dried, would not endure the rigors of use on long journeys as a water container. Today's gourd may owe its tough, waterproof wall to selection pressures over its long history of domestication.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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