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camera
A camera is an optical instrument for recording images, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both. The images may be individual still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or movies. The word ''camera'' comes from ''camera obscura'', which means "dark chamber" and is the Latin name of the original device for projecting an image of external reality onto a flat surface. The modern photographic camera evolved from the camera obscura. The functioning of the camera is very similar to the functioning of the human eye.
==Functional description==
A camera may work with the light of the visible spectrum or with other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.〔Gustavson, pg. VII〕 A still camera is an optical device which creates a single image of an object or scene, and records it on an electronic sensor or photographic film. All cameras use the same basic design: light enters an enclosed box through a converging lens and an image is recorded on a light-sensitive medium. A shutter mechanism controls the length of time that light can enter the camera.〔Young, Freedman & Ford, pg. 1182-1183〕 Most photographic cameras have functions that allow a person to view the scene to be recorded, allow for a desired part of the scene to be in focus, and to control the exposure so that it is not too bright or too dim.〔London, Upton, Kobré & Brill, pg. 4〕 A display, often a liquid crystal display (LCD), permits the user to view scene to be recorded and settings such as ISO speed, exposure, and shutter speed.〔London, Upton, Kobré & Brill, pp. 6-7〕〔Burian & Caputo, pg. 12〕
A movie camera or a video camera operates similarly to a still camera, except it records a series of static images in rapid succession, commonly at a rate of 24 frames per second. When the images are combined and displayed in order, the illusion of motion is achieved.〔Ascher & Pincus, pg. 4〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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