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campylobacter
''Campylobacter'' (meaning "curved bacteria") is a genus of Gram-negative, microaerophilic, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative bacteria. ''Campylobacter'' species are typically spiral-shaped and able to move via unipolar or bipolar flagella.〔 Most ''Campylobacter'' species are pathogenic and can infect humans and other animals. At least a dozen species of ''Campylobacter'' have been implicated in human disease, with ''C. jejuni'' and ''C. coli'' the most common.〔 ''C. jejuni'' is now recognized as one of the main causes of bacterial foodborne disease in many developed countries. ''C. fetus'' is a cause of spontaneous abortions in cattle and sheep, as well as an opportunistic pathogen in humans.
== History ==
The symptoms of ''Campylobacter'' infections were described in 1886 in infants by Theodor Escherich. These infections were named cholera infantum,〔 or summer complaint. The genus was first described in 1963; however, the organism was not isolated until 1972.〔
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