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Canyoning (known as canyoneering in the U.S.) is travelling in canyons using a variety of techniques that may include other outdoor activities such as walking, scrambling, climbing, jumping, abseiling (rappelling), and swimming. Although hiking down a canyon that is non-technical, (''canyon hiking'') is often referred to as ''canyoneering'', the terms ''canyoning'' and ''canyoneering'' are more often associated with technical descents — those that require abseils (rappels) and ropework, technical climbing or down-climbing, technical jumps, and/or technical swims. Canyoning is frequently done in remote and rugged settings and often requires navigational, route-finding and other wilderness travel skills. Canyons that are ideal for canyoning are often cut into the bedrock stone, forming narrow gorges with numerous drops, beautifully sculpted walls, and sometimes spectacular waterfalls. Most canyons are cut into limestone, sandstone, granite or basalt, though other rock types are found. Canyons can be very easy or extremely difficult, though emphasis in the sport is usually on aesthetics and fun rather than pure difficulty. A wide variety of canyoning routes are found throughout the world, and canyoning is enjoyed by people of all ages and skill levels. Canyoning gear includes climbing hardware, static or semi-static ropes, helmets, wetsuits, and specially designed shoes, packs, and rope bags. While canyoneers have used and adapted climbing, hiking, and river running gear for years, more and more specialized gear is invented and manufactured as canyoning popularity increases. ==Canyoning around the world== In most parts of the world canyoning is done in mountain canyons with flowing water. Countries with established canyoning include: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia (known as ''torrentismo''), Costa Rica, Croatia, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, India, Italy, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Nepal, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Reunion, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Venezuela, Vietnam and the United States. Many canyons in South Africa require jumping or scrambling which is called Kloofing. Even in Hong Kong, where there are numerous stream gorges, a similar activity called stream or river trekking is popular. In Japan and Taiwan it's called ''river tracing'' and typically involves traveling upstream. In the UK canyoning is now readily available in locations including Scotland and some areas of Cornwall, however the most popular area is canyoning in Wales. () has been described as slightly different from its American counterpart however involves all the traditional methods but in a different climate and location. Most experts who visit Wales for this activity often refer to it as Gorge Walking yet the main concept remains the same. In the United States, descending mountain canyons with flowing water is sometimes referred to as ''canyoning'', although the term "canyoneering" is more common. Most canyoneering in the United States occurs in the many slot canyons carved in the sandstone found throughout the Colorado Plateau. Outside of the Colorado Plateau, numerous canyoneering opportunities are found in the San Gabriel, Sierra Nevada, Cascade, and Rocky Mountain ranges. Canyoning in the UK has gained in popularity over recent years. Of all parts of the UK Wales and Scotland are recognized as the best places to try out this activity. In the Welsh language canyoning is called "cerdded ceunant". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「canyoning」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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