|
The Carabinieri (formally ''Arma dei carabinieri'', "Arm of carabineers" or previously ''Corpo dei carabinieri'', "Corps of carabiniers";〔(Peter G. Stone, Joanne Farchakh Bajjaly, Robert Fisk. ''The destruction of cultural heritage in Iraq''. Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2008 )〕〔Richard Heber Wrightson, ''A History of Modern Italy, from the First French Revolution to the Year 1850''. Elibron.com, 2005〕 (:karabiˈnjɛːri)) is the national military police of Italy, policing both military and civilian populations. It originally was founded as the police force of the Kingdom of Sardinia. During the process of Italian unification, it was appointed the "First Force" of the new national military organization. Although the Carabinieri assisted in the suppression of opposition during the rule of Benito Mussolini, they also were responsible for his downfall and many units were disbanded by Nazi Germany, which resulted in large numbers of Carabinieri joining the Italian resistance movement. Since 2001, it has been one of the four Italian Armed Forces. ==Early history== The corps was created by King Victor Emmanuel I of Savoy with the aim of providing the Kingdom of Sardinia with a police corps. Previously, police duties were managed by the ''Dragoni di Sardegna corps,'' created in 1726 and composed of volunteers. After French soldiers had occupied Turin at the end of the 18th century and later abandoned it to the Kingdom of Piedmont, the corps of Royal Carabinieri was instituted under the Royal Patents of 13 July 1814.〔 The new force was divided into divisions on the scale of one division for each province. The divisions were further divided into companies and subdivided into lieutenancies, which commanded and coordinated the local police stations and were distributed throughout the national territory in direct contact with the public.〔 In 1868, the ''Corazzieri'' mounted division was formed – initially as an escort of honour for the sovereign, and since 1946 for the President of the Republic.〔 The Italian unification saw the number of divisions increased,〔 and on 24 January 1861 the ''Carabinieri'' were appointed the "First Force" of the new national military organization.〔 In May 1915 Italian troops marched to encompass South Tyrol, territory of their former allies the Austro-Hungarian empire, in the Fronte italiano campaign. The defenders had sufficient time to prepare strong fortifications there, and in the Carso theatre to the east, and the Italian regiments, under overall command of General Cadorna, found themselves repeatedly repulsed in harsh fighting. The role of the Carabinieri was to set up machine gun posts to control the rear of the attacking regiments and prevent desertion. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「carabinieri」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|