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A carboy or demijohn is a rigid container with a typical capacity of 20 to 60 L (5 to 15 gallons).〔ASTM D996, Packaging Terminology〕 Carboys are primarily used for transporting liquids, often water or chemicals. They are also used for in-home fermentation of beverages, often beer or wine. ==Brewing== In brewing, a carboy or demijohn is a glass or plastic vessel used in fermenting beverages such as wine, mead, cider, perry, and beer. Usually it is fitted with a rubber stopper and a fermentation lock to prevent bacteria and oxygen from entering during the fermentation process. During the homebrewing process, a primary carboy is used for fermentation. Once primary fermentation is complete, the beer is either transferred to a secondary carboy for conditioning or it can be transferred directly to bottles for conditioning. (This process of transferring is usually called racking.) Polypropylene carboys are also commonly used in laboratories to transfer purified water. They are typically filled at the top and have a spigot at the bottom for dispensing. The word carboy is from the Persian ''qarābah'' (قرابه), from Arabic ''qarrāba'', "big jug".〔Hull Museums Collection ''(hullcc.gov.uk )''〕 Carboys come in various volumes ranging from . The term carboy itself usually refers to a carboy, unless otherwise noted. A carboy is usually called a jug. A carboy is usually called a demijohn (in the Philippines, ''dama juana''.〔Ocampo, Ambeth R. (August 9, 2006) Philippine Daily Inquirer ''(Tanduay. )'' Page 13.〕) "Demijohn" is an old word that formerly referred to any glass vessel with a large body and small neck, enclosed in wickerwork. The word may derive from the name of a Persian town, Damghan, but this is not supported by any historical evidence. According to ''The Oxford English Dictionary'' the word comes from the French ''dame-jeanne'', literally "Lady Jane", as a popular appellation. This is in accordance with the historical evidence at present known, since the word occurred initially in France in the 17th century, and no earlier trace of it has been found elsewhere. In Britain, ''demijohn'' refers to a 4.5 litre (imperial gallon) glass brewing vessel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「carboy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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