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cardoon
The cardoon (''Cynara cardunculus''), also called the artichoke thistle, cardone, cardoni, carduni, or cardi, is a thistle-like plant in the sunflower family. It is a naturally occurring species that is sometimes considered to include the globe artichoke, and has many cultivated forms. It is native to the western and central Mediterranean region, where it was domesticated in ancient times.
==Description==
The wild cardoon is a stout herbaceous perennial plant growing tall, with deeply lobed and heavily spined green to grey-green tomentose (hairy or downy) leaves up to long, with yellow spines up to 3.5 cm long. The flowers are violet-purple, produced in a large, globose, massively spined capitulum up to in diameter.〔Sonnante, G., Pignone, D, & Hammer, K. (2007). The Domestication of Artichoke and Cardoon: From Roman Times to the Genomic Age. ''Ann. Bot''. 100: 1095–1100. (Full text ).〕〔(Malta's Native Flora )〕〔(Tela Botanica: ''Cynara cardunculus'' L. ) (in French)〕〔Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.〕
It is adapted to dry climates, native across an area from Morocco and Portugal east to Libya and Greece and north to France and Croatia;〔(Altervista Flora Italiana, Carciofo selvatico, Cardoon, ''Cynara cardunculus'' L. ) includes p hotos and European distribution map〕 it may also be native on Cyprus, the Canary Islands and Madeira.〔Euro+Med PlantBase (''Cynara cardunculus'' )〕 In France, it only occurs wild in the Mediterranean south (Gard, Hérault, Aude, Pyrénées-Orientales, Corsica).〔 It has become an invasive weed in the pampas of Argentina,〔 and is also considered a weed in Australia and California.〔(Flora of North America Cardoon, artichoke, artichoke thistle, ''Cynara scolymus'' L. )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cynara cardunculus : Artichoke Thistle - Atlas of Living Australia )〕〔(Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map )〕〔(Calflora taxon report, University of California, ''Cynara cardunculus'' L., artichoke thistle, cardoon )〕
In cultivation in the United Kingdom, this plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=613 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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