| 翻訳と辞書 |
carucate
The carucate or carrucate ( or ')〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st ed. "carucate, ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1888.〕 was a medieval unit of land area approximating the land a plough team of eight oxen could till in a single annual season. It was known by different regional names and fell under different forms of tax assessment.
==England==
The carucate was named for the carruca heavy plough that began to appear in England in the 9th century,
. It was also known as a ploughland or plough (, "plough's land") in the Danelaw usually but not always excluded the land's suitability for winter vegetables and desirability to remain fallow in crop rotation. The tax levied on each carucate came to be known as "carucage". Though a carucate might nominally be regarded as an area of 120 acres (490,000 m²) (0.49 km²), and can usefully be equated to certain definitions of the hide, its variation over time and depending on soil and fertility makes its actual figure wildly variable.〔See e.g. Stenton, F.M., 'Introduction', in Foster, C.W. & Longley, T. (eds.), ''The Lincolnshire Domesday and the Lindsey Survey'', Lincoln Record Society, XIX, 1924, especially pp. ix-xix.〕 The Danelaw carucates were subdivided into eighths: oxgangs or bovates based on the area a single ox could till in a year.
In the rest of England, the land was reckoned in hides which were divided into four yardlands, later known as virgates.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「carucate」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|