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Castling is a move in the game of chess involving a player's king and either of the player's original rooks. It is the only move in chess in which a player moves two pieces in the same move, and it is the only move aside from the knight's move where a piece can be said to "jump over" another. Castling consists of moving the king two squares towards a rook on the player's first rank, then moving the rook to the square over which the king crossed.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Laws of Chess ) (Castling is in rule 3.8)〕 Castling may only be done if the king has never moved, the rook involved has never moved, the squares between the king and the rook involved are unoccupied, the king is not in check, and the king does not cross over or end on a square in which it would be in check. Castling is one of the rules of chess and is technically a king move . The notation for castling, in both the descriptive and the algebraic systems, is 0-0 with the kingside rook and 0-0-0 with the queenside rook; in PGN, O-O and O-O-O are used instead. Castling on the kingside is sometimes called ''castling short'' and castling on the queenside is called ''castling long'' – the difference based on whether the rook moves a short distance (two squares) or a long distance (three squares) . Castling was added to European chess in the 14th or 15th century and did not develop into its present form until the 17th century. The Asian versions of chess do not have such a move. ==Requirements== Castling is permissible if and only if all of the following conditions hold : # The king and the chosen rook are on the player's first rank.〔Without this additional restriction, which was added to the FIDE rules in 1972, it would be possible to promote a pawn on the ''e'' file to a rook and then castle vertically across the board (as long as the other conditions are met). This way of castling was "discovered" by Max Pam and used by Tim Krabbé in a chess puzzle before the rules were amended to disallow it. See ''Chess Curiosities'' by Krabbé, see also :de:Pam-Krabbé-Rochade for the diagrams online.〕 # Neither the king nor the chosen rook has previously moved. # There are no pieces between the king and the chosen rook. # The king is not currently in check. # The king does not pass through a square that is attacked by an enemy piece.〔http://www.fide.com/fide/handbook.html?id=124&view=article〕 # The king does not end up in check. (True of any legal move.) Conditions 4 through 6 can be summarized with the more memorable phrase: "One may not castle out of, through, or into check." It is a common misperception that the requirements for castling are even more stringent than the above.〔See e.g. http://www.chessvariants.org/d.chess/castlefaq.html〕 To clarify: * The chosen rook may be under attack. * The rook may move through an attacked square, provided the king does not. The only such square is the one adjacent to the rook, when castling queenside. * The king may have been in check earlier in the game (provided the king did not move when resolving the check). In handicap games where odds of a rook are given, the player giving odds may still castle with the absent rook, moving only the king.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「castling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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