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casuarinaceae
The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and about 70 species of trees and shrubs native to the Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacific Islands. At one time, all species were placed in the genus ''Casuarina''. Lawrie A. S. Johnson separated out many of those species and renamed them into the new genera of ''Gymnostoma'' in 1980 and 1982,〔〔 ''Allocasuarina'' in 1982,〔 and ''Ceuthostoma'' in 1988, with some additional formal descriptions of new species in each other genus.〔 At the time, it was somewhat controversial. The monophyly of these genera was later supported in a 2003 genetics study of the family.〔 In the Wettstein system, this family was the only one placed in the order Verticillatae. Likewise, in the Engler, Cronquist, and Kubitzki systems, the Casuarinaceae were the only family placed in the order Casuarinales.
Members of this family are characterized by drooping equisetoid (meaning "looking like ''Equisetum''"; that is, horsetail) twigs, evergreen foliage, monoecious or dioecious and infructescences ('fruiting bodies') cone-like, meaning combining together many outward-pointing valves, each containing a seed, into roughly spherical, cone-like, woody structures. The roots have nitrogen-fixing nodules that contain the soil actinomycete ''Frankia''.
The most widely used common name for Casuarinaceae species is sheoak or she-oak (a comparison of the timber quality with English oak). Male specimens bear no fruit and are sometimes colloquially referred to as heoak. Other common names include ironwood, bull-oak or buloke, beefwood,〔 or cassowary tree.〔
The Shire of Buloke in Victoria, Australia, is named after the species ''Allocasuarina luehmannii''.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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