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A ''cathedra'' (Latin, "chair", from Greek, καθέδρα ''kathédra'', "seat") or bishop's throne is the seat of a bishop. It is a symbol of the bishop's teaching authority in the Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church, and in the Anglican Communion churches. ''Cathedra'' is the Latin word for a chair with armrests, and it appears in early Christian literature in the phrase "cathedrae apostolorum" indicating authority derived directly from the apostles;〔Tertullian, "De Praescriptione Haereticorum: XXXVI", (Tertullian.org ), Accessed January 30, 2010〕〔Tertullian, "The Prescription Against Heretics: Chapter 36", (Tertulllian.org ), Accessed January 30, 2010〕 its Roman connotations of authority reserved for the Emperor were later adopted by bishops after the 4th century. A church into which a bishop's official ''cathedra'' is installed is called a cathedral. Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue Between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church make use of the term ''cathedra'' to point the existence of bishop in each local Church, in the heart of ecclesial apostolicity. ==Cathedra Petri== The definitive example of a ''cathedra'' is that encased within the ''Triumph of the cathedra Petri'' designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in 1657 and completed and installed in 1666. As early as the 8th century, an ancient wooden chair overlaid with ivory plaques depicting the Labors of Heracles and some of the constellations () was venerated as the episcopal chair of St. Peter. It is a Byzantine throne, made after St. Peter's time, with framed fragments of acacia wood encased in the oak carcass and reinforced with iron bands. Several rings facilitated its transportation during processions. Pope Alexander VII commissioned Bernini to build a monument to display this relic in a triumphant manner. Bernini's gilded bronze throne, richly ornamented with ''bas-reliefs'', encloses the relic. On January 17, 1666 it was solemnly set above the altar of Saint Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. Greater than life-sized sculptures of four Doctors of the Church form an honor guard: St. Ambrose and St. Athanasius on the left, and St. John Chrysostom and St. Augustine on the right. Celebrated on February 22 in accordance with the calendar of saints, the Feast of Cathedra Petri (the Feast of the Chair of Peter the Apostle) honors the founding of the church in Rome and gives thanks for the work of Saint Peter. ==Chair of St. Augustine== The Chair of St. Augustine represents one of the most ancient extant cathedrae in use. Named after the first Archbishop of Canterbury, St. Augustine of Canterbury, it is made of Purbeck Marble or Bethesda marble and dates to sometime between the 6th and 12th centuries. Those who argue for an older date suggest that it may have been used to crown the kings of Kent. Canterbury Cathedral, in which the cathedra is housed, maintains that the chair was once part of the furnishings of the shrine of St. Thomas Becket, since dismantled (). Since antiquity, it is always used in the triple enthronement of an Archbishop of Canterbury. He is seated on the throne in the quire as Diocesan Bishop, in the chapter house as titular abbot, and in St. Augustine's chair as Primate of All England. This is the only occasion in which the cathedra is used. A second cathedra is used for other occasions at which the archbishop is present. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cathedra」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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