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In medicine, a catheter is a thin tube made from medical grade materials serving a broad range of functions. Catheters are medical devices that can be inserted in the body to treat diseases or perform a surgical procedure. By modifying the material or adjusting the way catheters are manufactured, it is possible to tailor catheters for cardiovascular, urological, gastrointestinal, neurovascular, and ophthalmic applications. Catheters can be inserted into a body cavity, duct, or vessel. Functionally, they allow drainage, administration of fluids or gases, access by surgical instruments, and also perform a wide variety of other tasks depending on the type of catheter. The process of inserting a catheter is catheterization. In most uses, catheter is a thin, flexible tube ("soft" catheter) though catheters are available in varying levels of stiffness depending on the application. A catheter left inside the body, either temporarily or permanently, may be referred to as an indwelling catheter. A permanently inserted catheter may be referred to as a permcath (originally a trademark) The ancient Syrians created catheters from reeds. "Katheter — καθετήρ" originally referred to any instrument that was inserted, such as a plug. It comes from the Greek verb "kathiemai — καθίεμαι" meaning "let down", because the catheter was 'let down' into the body. ==Uses== Placement of a catheter into a particular part of the body may allow: * ("uretic catheter":) draining urine from the urinary bladder as in urinary catheterization, e.g., the intermittent catheters or Foley catheter or even when the urethra is damaged as in suprapubic catheterisation. * drainage of urine from the kidney by percutaneous (through the skin) nephrostomy * drainage of fluid collections, e.g. an abdominal abscess * administration of intravenous fluids, medication or parenteral nutrition with a peripheral venous catheter * angioplasty, angiography, balloon septostomy, balloon sinuplasty, cardiac electrophysiology testing, catheter ablation. Often the Seldinger technique is used. * direct measurement of blood pressure in an artery or vein * direct measurement of intracranial pressure * administration of anaesthetic medication into the epidural space, the subarachnoid space, or around a major nerve bundle such as the brachial plexus * administration of oxygen, volatile anesthetic agents, and other breathing gases into the lungs using a tracheal tube * subcutaneous administration of insulin or other medications, with the use of an infusion set and insulin pump * A central venous catheter is a conduit for giving drugs or fluids into a large-bore catheter positioned either in a vein near the heart or just inside the atrium. * A Swan-Ganz catheter is a special type of catheter placed into the pulmonary artery for measuring pressures in the heart. * An ''embryo transfer catheter'' is designed to insert fertilized embryos from in vitro fertilization into the uterus. They may vary in length from approximately 150 mm to 190 mm. * An umbilical line is a catheter used in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) providing quick access to the central circulation of premature infants. * A ''Tuohy-Borst adapter'' is a medical device used for attaching catheters to various other devices. * A ''Quinton catheter'' is a double or triple lumen, external catheter used for hemodialysis. * An intrauterine catheter, such as a device known as a 'tom cat', may be used to insert specially 'washed' sperm directly into the uterus in artificial insemination. A physician is required to administer this procedure. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「catheter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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