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cathinone
Cathinone (also known as benzoylethanamine, or β-keto-amphetamine) is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub ''Catha edulis'' (khat) and is chemically similar to ephedrine, cathine, methcathinone and other amphetamines. It is probably the main contributor to the stimulant effect of ''Catha edulis''. Cathinone differs from many other amphetamines in that it has a ketone functional group. Other phenethylamines that share this structure include the stimulants methcathinone, MDPV, mephedrone and the antidepressant bupropion among others.
==History==
===Discovery===
Khat has been cultivated in the Horn of Africa and Arabian Peninsula region of the world for thousands of years. It is most commonly chewed for the euphoric effect it produces. The active ingredient was first proposed in 1930 when cathine was identified as a predominant alkaloid in the plant. Cathine was thought to be the main active ingredient in khat until the 1960s. It was found that the amount of cathine in the khat leaves wasn’t enough to produce the effects observed. In 1975, the United Nations Narcotic Laboratory analyzed khat leaves from Yemen, Kenya, and Madagascar and found the presence of a different alkaloid, cathinone.〔 Cathinone is a similar molecule to cathine, but is much more abundant in younger plants. This finding caused scientists to speculate whether or not cathinone was the true active ingredient in khat.〔
A study was conducted in 1994 to test this. Six volunteers who had never chewed khat before were given an active khat sample and a placebo sample from which they extracted out the Cathinone. The researchers analyzed the participants’ moods, activity levels, and blood pressure before and after the participant chewed the khat and the placebo. This analysis showed that Cathinone produced amphetamine-like symptoms, which led them to conclude that it is the active ingredient in khat leaves, not cathine.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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