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cedilla
A cedilla ( ; from Spanish), also known as cedilha (from Portuguese) or cédille (from French), is a hook or tail ( (unicode:¸) ) added under certain letters as a diacritical mark to modify their pronunciation. In Catalan, French, and Portuguese, it is used only under the ''c'', and the entire letter is called respectively ''c trencada'' (i.e. "broken C"), "c cédille", and "c cedilhado".
==Origin==
The tail originated in Spain as the bottom half of a miniature cursive z. The word “cedilla” is the diminutive of the Old Spanish name for this letter, ''ceda'' (zeta).〔For ''cedilla'' being the diminutive of ''ceda'', see (definition of ''cedilla'' ), ''Diccionario de la lengua española'', 22nd edition, Real Academia Española , which can be seen in context by accessing the (site of the Real Academia ) and searching for ''cedilla''. (This was accessed 27 July 2006.)〕 Modern Spanish or modern Galician, however, no longer use this diacritic, although it is still current in Portuguese, Catalan, Occitan, and French, which gives English the alternative spellings of ''cedille'', from French “''cédille''”, and the Portuguese form ''cedilha''. An obsolete spelling of ''cedilla'' is ''cerilla''.〔 The earliest use in English cited by the ''Oxford English Dictionary''〔 is a 1599 Spanish-English dictionary and grammar.〔Minsheu, John (1599) ''Percyvall's (R.) Dictionarie in Spanish and English'' (as enlarged by J. Minsheu) Edm. Bollifant, London, 〕 Chambers’ ''Cyclopædia''〔Chambers, Ephraim (1738) ''Cyclopædia; or, an universal dictionary of arts and sciences'' (2nd ed.) 〕 is cited for the printer-trade variant ''ceceril'' in use in 1738.〔 The main use in English is not universal and applies to loan words from French and Portuguese such as “façade”, “limaçon” and “cachaça” (often typed “facade”, “limacon” and “cachaca” because of lack of ''ç'' keys on Anglophone keyboards).
With the advent of modernism, the calligraphic nature of the cedilla was thought somewhat jarring on sans-serif typefaces, and so some designers instead substituted a comma design, which could be made bolder and more compatible with the style of the text. This can add to confusion as the use of commas as opposed to cedillas varies by language.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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