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Cefazolin, also known as cefazoline or cephazolin, is an antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. The drug is usually administered by either intramuscular injection (injection into a large muscle) or intravenous infusion (intravenous fluid into a vein).〔 Due to possible cross-reactivity with penicillins, people who have experienced anaphylaxis to penicillins are not advised to receive cephalosporins.〔 Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash. Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with broad spectrum antibiotic with activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It was initially marketed by GlaxoSmithKline under the trade name Ancef, but is no longer available as brand name products. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines the most important medications needed for a basic health system. ==Medical uses== Cefazolin is used in a variety of infections provided that susceptible organisms are involved. It is indicated for use in the following infections:〔 * Respiratory tract infections * Urinary tract infections * Skin infections * Biliary tract infections * Bone and joint infections * Genital infections * Blood infections (sepsis) * Endocarditis It can also be used peri-operatively to prevent infections post-surgery, and is often the preferred drug for surgical prophylaxis.〔 There is no penetration into the central nervous system and therefore cefazolin is not effective in treating meningitis.〔 Cefazolin has been shown to be effective in treating methicillin-susceptible ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (MSSA) but does not work in cases of methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (MRSA).〔 In many instances of staphylococcal infections, such as bacteremia, cefazolin is an alternative to penicillin in patients who are allergic to penicillin.〔 However, there is still potential for a reaction to occur with cefazolin and other cephalosporins in patients allergic to penicillin.〔 Resistance to cefazolin is seen in several species of bacteria, such as Mycoplasma and Chlamydia, in which case different generations of cephalosporins may be more effective.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher = Mayo Clinic )〕 Cefazolin does not fight against Enterococcus, anaerobic bacteria or atypical bacteria among others.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cefazolin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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