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chairman
The chairman or chairwoman, or simply the chair, sometimes known as chairperson, is the highest officer of an organized group such as a board, a committee, or a deliberative assembly. The person holding the office is typically elected or appointed by the members of the group. The chair presides over meetings of the assembled group and conducts its business in an orderly fashion. When the group is not in session, the officer's duties often include acting as its head, its representative to the outside world and its spokesperson.
==Terminology==
Other terms sometimes used for the office and its holder include ''chair'', ''chairperson'', ''chairwoman'', ''presiding officer'', ''president'', ''moderator'', facilitator, and ''convenor''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chairperson )〕〔Although ''convener'' means someone who summons (convenes) a meeting, the convener may take the chair. The Oxford English Dictionary (2nd edition 1989) offers this citation: 1833 Act 3–4 Will. IV, c. 46 §43 "The convener, who shall preside at such committee, shall be entitled to a casting vote." This meaning is most commonly found in assemblies with Scottish heritage.〕 The chairman of a parliamentary chamber is often called the ''speaker''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Speeches: The many roles of the Speaker )〕
The term ''chair'' is sometimes used in lieu of chairman, in response to criticisms that using chairman is sexist. It is commonly used today, and has been used as a substitute for chairman since the middle of the 17th century, with its earliest citation in the Oxford English Dictionary dated 1658-9, only four years after the first citation for chairman.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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