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Chakravartin (Sanskrit ''cakravartin'', Pali ''cakkavattin'') is an ancient Indian term used to refer to an ideal universal ruler who rules ethically and benevolently over the entire world. Such a ruler's reign is called ''sarvabhauma''. It is a bahuvrīhi, figuratively meaning "whose wheels are moving", in the sense of "whose chariot is rolling everywhere without obstruction". It can also be analysed as an 'instrumental bahuvrīhi: "through whom the wheel is moving" in the meaning of "through whom the Dharmachakra ("Wheel of the Dharma) is turning" (most commonly used in Buddhism and Hinduism). In Buddhism and Jainism, three types of cakravartis are distinguished: *Chakravala chakravarti, a ruler over all four continents postulated in ancient Indian cosmography *Dvipa chakravarti, a ruler over only one of four continents *Pradesa chakravarti, a ruler over only part of a continent. The first references to a ''cakravala cakravrtin'' appear in monuments from the time of the Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE), dedicated to Chandragupta Maurya and his grandson Ashoka. It has not been generally used for any other historic figure. In Buddhism, the chakravarti came to be considered the secular counterpart of a buddha. In general, the term applies to temporal as well as spiritual kingship and leadership, particularly in Buddhism and Jainism. In Hinduism, the term generally denotes a powerful ruler whose dominion extended to the entire earth. ==Mahabharata== In the Mahabharata, twelve princes beginning with Bharata are considered Chakravartis. *Ikshvaku, the son of Ila of the Suryavanshi lineage after whom India was named as Ilavarta and Eelam.〔(Charles Somasundrum: The continent of Ilamuridesam (Lemuria) )〕 In Hindu mythology he is said to have conquered the world. *Bharat was the son of the Puru Dynasty. The official name of the Republic of India, ''Bhārat'' (भारत) in Hindi and ''Bhāratam'' (भारतम्) in Sanskrit is named after him. He was able to conquer the whole Indian subcontinent. Legend holds that he even conquered regions outside of the Subcontinent such as Afghanistan (then referred to as ''Gandhara'') and Tibet (then referred to as Bhūta). *Shibi, famous in Hindu and Buddhist mythology. He sacrificed his flesh. There have been several dynasties which have claimed heritage from Emperor Shibi's line. The Cholas mentioned him to be of Chola lineage, and referred to him as ''Sembiyan''. *''Imayavaramban Neduncheralathan'', a Sangam age Tamil king said in inscriptions to have conquered up to the Himalayas.〔(The Great Chronicle of Lanka )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「chakravartin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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