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changeup
A changeup is a type of pitch in baseball. The changeup is the staple off-speed pitch, usually thrown to look like a fastball but arriving much slower to the plate. Its reduced speed coupled with its deceptive delivery is meant to confuse the batter's timing. It is meant to be thrown the same as a fastball, but farther back in the hand, which makes it release from the hand slower while still retaining the look of a fastball. A changeup is generally thrown 8–15 miles per hour slower than a fastball. If thrown correctly, the changeup will confuse the batter because the human eye cannot discern that the ball is coming significantly slower until it is around 30 feet from the plate.〔Walsh, John (2007-09-19). "(Pitch Identification Tutorial )". The Hardball Times. Retrieved 2007-09-19.〕 For example, a batter swinging at the ball as if it were a 90 mph fastball when it is coming in at 75 mph means he is swinging too early to hit the ball well, making the changeup very effective.
Other names include change-of-pace, Bugs Bunny change-up, the dreaded equalizer and change. The changeup is sometimes called an off-speed pitch, although that term can also be used simply to mean any pitch that is slower than a fastball. In addition, before at least the second half of the twentieth century, the term "slow ball" was used to denote pitches that were not a fastball or breaking ball, which almost always meant a type of changeup. Therefore, the terms slow ball and changeup could be used interchangeably.
The changeup is analogous to the slower ball in cricket.
==Delivery==
The changeup is thrown with the same arm action as a fastball, but at a lower speed due to the pitcher holding the ball in a special grip. Leo Mazzone states: "When a pitcher throws his best fastball, he puts more in it; the changeup is such that one throws something other than his best fastball. By having this mindset, the pitch will have less velocity on it in addition to the change in grips. This difference from what is expected by the arm action and the velocity can confuse the batter into swinging the bat far too early and thus receiving a strike, or not swinging at all. Should a batter be fooled on the timing of the pitch and still make contact, it will cause a foul ball or the ball being put into play weakly, usually resulting in an out. In addition to the unexpectedly slow velocity, the changeup can also possess a significant amount of movement, which can bewilder the batter even further. The very best changeups utilize both deception and movement."〔Mazzone, Leo, and Rosenthal, Jim (1999). ''Pitching Like a Pro: A Guide for Young Pitchers and Their Coaches, Little League Through High School''. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-19946-5.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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