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chanyu
Chanyu (also known as Chan-yu and Shanyu; ; short form for Chengli Gutu Chanyu (; according to ''Book of Han'', it means Heaven, Child, Immense appearance〔''Book of Han'', Vol. 94-I, 匈奴謂天為「撐犁」,謂子為「孤塗」,單于者,廣大之貌也,〕)) was the title used by the nomadic supreme rulers of Middle and Central Asia for eight centuries and was superseded by the title "''Khagan''" in 402 CE.〔Taskin V.S. ''"Materials on history of Dunhu group nomadic tribes"'', Moscow, 1984, p. 305,306, (Таскин В.С. ''"Mатериалы по истории древних кочевых народов группы Дунху"'') 〕 The title was used by the ruling Luandi clan of the Xiongnu during the Qin dynasty (221-206 BCE) and Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE). == List of Xiongnu Chanyus ==
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