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Charas is the name given to a hashish form of cannabis which is handmade in India, Lebanon, Pakistan, Nepal and Jamaica. It is made from the resin of the cannabis plant (''Cannabis sativa'' or ''Cannabis indica''). The plant grows wild throughout Northern India along the stretch of the Himalayas (its putative origin) and is an important cash crop for the local people. ==History== Hashish has been used across the Indian sub-continent for medicinal and religious purposes for thousands of years,〔("If Drugs Were Legal, Scarlett Might Be Alive" ). ''The Times of India, 14 March 2008.〕 and was sold in government shops (along with opium) during the times of the British Raj and in independent India until the 1980s (marijuana and bhang is still being sold in parts of Rajasthan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province of Pakistan).〔''Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893–94''. Simla, India: Government Central Printing House, 1894, 7 vols., (CHAPTER XIV. THE POLICY OF HEMP DRUG ADMINISTRATION )〕 Charas plays an important and often integral role in the culture and ritual of certain sects of the Hindu religion, especially among the Shaivs — the sub-division of Hinduism holding Lord Shiva to be the supreme god (in contrast to Vaishnavs who believe Lord Vishnu is the supreme god)—and it is venerated by some as being one of the aspects of Lord Shiva. Despite this long history, charas was made illegal in India under pressure from the United States in the 1980s and severe sentences were introduced for cultivation and trafficking of charas. Even the mere possession had a mandatory ten-year prison sentence. These laws have been relaxed, but charas remains a popular medium for police to extort money from consumers of the drug.〔http://pugodesk.winwinhosting.net/dailyexcelsior/charas-smuggler-acquitted-as-witnesses-contradict-each-other/〕 Even at the peak of the crackdown, charas was still popular and remains so today, especially among young professionals and Indian sadhus. The Naga Sadhus, Aghoris and Tantric Bhairava sects smoke it freely as an integral part of their religious practice. Many smoke it in clay pipes called chillums, using a cotton cloth to cover the smoking end of the chillum and inserting a tightly packed pebble-sized ball of cannabis as filter under the chunk of charas. Before lighting the chillum they will chant the many names of Shiva in veneration. It is regaining the popularity it once enjoyed with younger generation of India regarding it as a recreational drug of choice. It is freely available in several places around India especially where there is a strong affluence of tourists (Goa, Delhi, Rishikesh, Varanasi, etc.). Although charas can be found in several places around India, its manufacturing can be traced only to specific locations in India such as, Parvati Valley, (Kasol, Rasol, Malana ("Malana cream"), Kashmir as well as several other places in northern India. In southern India there are also several places where charas is manufactured. Charas can be found in many places around India simply because there are people that take charas from the "source" to distribute it in areas where there is a substantial demand of it (usually areas with a lot of foreigners). The nominal price of charas in these areas is substantially higher than in the places where charas is made. There is also a large amount of charas that is illegally exported across to Europe. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「charas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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