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chickpea
The chickpea or chick pea (''ラテン語:Cicer arietinum'') is a legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. It is also known as gram,〔"" in the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', , . 1880.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy )〕 or Bengal gram,〔 garbanzo〔 or garbanzo bean, and sometimes known as Egyptian pea,〔 ''ceci'', ''cece'' or ''chana'', or ''Kabuli chana'' (particularly in northern India). Its seeds are high in protein. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes: 7,500-year-old remains have been found in the Middle East.
==Etymology==
The name "chickpea" traces back through the French ''フランス語:chiche'' to ''ラテン語:cicer'', Latin for 'chickpea' (from which the Roman cognomen Cicero was taken). The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' lists a 1548 citation that reads, "''Cicer'' may be named in English Cich, or ciche pease, after the Frenche tongue." The dictionary cites "Chick-pea" in the mid-18th century; the original word in English taken directly from French was ''chich'', found in print in English in 1388.
The word ' came first to American English as ' in the 17th century, from an alteration of the Old Spanish word ' (presumably influenced by '), being gradually anglicized to ', though it came to refer to a variety of other beans (''cf.'' calavance). The current form garbanzo comes directly from modern Spanish. This word is still used in Latin America and Spain to designate chickpeas.〔(Garbanzo bean ), Oxford Reference〕 Some have suggested that the origin of the word ' is in the Greek '. Another possible origin is the word ', from Basque — a non-Indo-European tongue — in which it is a compound of ', seed + ', dry.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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