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chinchilla
Chinchillas are crepuscular (most active around dawn and dusk) rodents, slightly larger and more robust than ground squirrels. They are native to the Andes mountains in South America and live in colonies called "herds" at high elevations up to . Historically, chinchillas lived in an area that included parts of Bolivia, Peru, Argentina, and Chile, but today colonies in the wild are known only in Chile. Along with their relatives, viscachas, they make up the family Chinchillidae.
The chinchilla (whose name literally means "little chincha") is named after the Chincha people of the Andes, who once wore its dense, velvet-like fur.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=What Is A Chinchilla? )〕 By the end of the 19th century, chinchillas had become quite rare due to hunting for their ultra-soft fur.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Chinchilla Facts – The Top 10 Interesting Facts About Chinchillas )〕 Most chinchillas currently used by the fur industry for clothing and other accessories are farm-raised.
Chinchillas are currently listed as a critically endangered species by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species due to a severe population loss approximated at a 90% global population loss over the last 15 years. The severe population decline has been caused by chinchilla hunting by humans.〔
==Species==
The two living species of chinchilla are ''Chinchilla chinchilla''〔〔 (formerly known as ''Chinchilla brevicaudata'') and ''Chinchilla lanigera''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=All You Need to Know About Caring for Chinchillas )〕 ''C. chinchilla'' has a shorter tail, a thicker neck and shoulders, and shorter ears than ''C. lanigera''. The former species is currently facing extinction; the latter, though rare, can be found in the wild.〔 Domesticated chinchillas are thought to have come from the ''C. lanigera'' species.〔(Chinchillas, Chinchillidae, Chinchilla lanigera, Chinchilla brevicaudata ). Animal-world.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-07.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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