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chine
A chine is a steep-sided river valley where the river flows to the sea through, typically, soft eroding coastal cliffs of sandstone or clays. The word ''chine'' originates from the Saxon ''"Cinan"'' meaning a gap or yawn. The word is in still use in central Southern England - notably in East Devon, Dorset, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight - to describe such topographical features. However, 'bunny' is also used to describe a chine in Hampshire, as noted below.
==Formation and features==
Chines appear at the outlet of small river valleys when a particular combination of geology, stream volume and coastal recession rate creates a knickpoint, usually starting at a waterfall at the cliff edge, that initiates rapid erosion and deepening of the stream bed into a gully leading down to the sea.〔Chines on the Isle of Wight: Channel Adjustment and Basin Morphology in Relation to Cliff Retreat, Katharine E. Flint, ''The Geographical Journal'', Vol. 148, No. 2 (Jul., 1982), pp. 225-236〕
All chines are in a state of constant change due to erosion. The Blackgang Chine on the Isle of Wight, for example, has been destroyed by landslides and coastal erosion during the 20th century. As the walls of the chines and cliffs are so unstable and erode continually, particularly those of the south coast of the Isle of Wight, the strata are clearly visible. Chines are, therefore, very important for their fossil records, their archaeology and the unique flora and fauna, such as invertebrates and rare insects, for which they provide shelter.〔Modelling flow, erosion and long-term evolution of incising channels: managing hydrology and geomorphology for ecology, Norton, Leyland & Darby, ''Sediment Dynamics and the Hydromorphology of Fluvial Systems'', International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 2006, ISBN 1-901502-68-6 (Google Books, retrieved 3 August 2008 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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