| 翻訳と辞書 |
| cholecystitis ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
cholecystitis
Cholecystitis (Greek, -''cholecyst'', "gallbladder", combined with the suffix ''-itis'', "inflammation") is inflammation of the gallbladder. Although most people with gallstones do not have symptoms and will not go on to develop cholecystitis, cholecystitis occurs most commonly due to blockage of the cystic duct with gallstones (cholelithiasis).〔〔 This blockage causes a buildup of bile in the gallbladder and increased pressure within the gallbladder, leading to right upper abdominal pain.〔 Concentrated bile, pressure, and sometimes bacterial infection irritate and damage the gallbladder wall, causing inflammation and swelling of the gallbladder.〔 Inflammation and swelling of the gallbladder can reduce normal blood flow to areas of the gallbladder, which can lead to cell death due to inadequate oxygen.〔
Risk factors for gallstones and cholecystitis are similar and include female sex, increasing age, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, obesity, diabetes mellitus, ethnicity (Native North American), rapid weight loss.〔 Cholecystitis is diagnosed based on the characteristic symptoms of right upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever as well as laboratory testing showing an increased white blood count.〔 Abdominal ultrasound is typically also used in diagnosis.〔 Uncomplicated cholecystitis has an excellent prognosis; however, more than 25% of patients require surgery or develop complications. Delayed diagnosis of acute cholecystitis increases morbidity and mortality. Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis may present as a single episode or may recur on multiple occasions.
==Signs and symptoms==
Most people with gallstones do not have symptoms. When a gallstone becomes intermittently lodged in the cystic duct, they suffer from biliary colic.〔 Biliary colic is abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant or epigastrium that is usually episodic, occurs after eating greasy or fatty foods, and leads to nausea and/or vomiting.〔Greenberger N.J., Paumgartner G (2012). Chapter 311. Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts. In Longo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L., Hauser S.L., Jameson J, Loscalzo J (Eds), 'Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e''.''Retrieved November 08, 2014 fromhttp://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.ucsf.idm.oclc.org/content.aspx?bookid=331&Sectionid=40727107.〕 People who suffer from cholecystitis most commonly initially have symptoms of biliary colic before developing cholecystitis. The symptoms of cholecystitis are similar to biliary colic but the pain becomes more severe and constant. Nausea is common and vomiting occurs in 75% of people with cholecystitis.〔Friedman L.S. (2015). Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Disorders. In Papadakis M.A., McPhee S.J., Rabow M.W. (Eds), 'Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2015''. ''Retrieved November 08, 2014 fromhttp://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.ucsf.idm.oclc.org/content.aspx?bookid=1019&Sectionid=57668608.〕 In addition to abdominal pain, right shoulder pain can be present.〔
On physical examination, fever is common.〔 A gallbladder with cholecystitis is almost always tender to touch.〔 Because of the inflammation, its size can be felt from the outside of the body in 25-50% of people with cholecystitis.〔 Pain with deep inspiration leading to termination of the breath while pressing on the right upper quadrant of the abdomen usually causes pain (Murphy's sign). Murphy's sign is sensitive, but not specific for cholecystitis. Jaundice may occur but is usually mild, and if severe, suggests another cause of symptoms such as choledocholithiasis.〔 Elderly patients and those with diabetes, chronic illness, or who are immunocompromised may have vague symptoms that may not include fever or localized tenderness.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「cholecystitis」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|